学前教育专业大学生边境乡村幼儿园从教意愿研究——基于推拉理论

A Study on the Willingness of Undergraduate Students to Teach in Border Rural Kindergartens from the Perspective of Push-pull Theory

边境乡村幼儿园教师数量不足是制约当地学前教育发展的主要原因。本研究以云南地区为例,抽取了16位学前教育专业大学生进行访谈,借助推拉理论分析框架,将学前教育专业大学生到边境乡村幼儿园从教意愿的影响因素划分为推力内因、推力外因与拉力内因、拉力外因四个维度,使用“大学生边境乡村幼儿园从教意愿影响因素”与“大学生边境乡村幼儿园从教意愿”两份自编问卷对821位大学生进行了调查,结果显示:虽然愿意去边境乡村幼儿园工作的大学生比例较高,但是愿意长期在边境乡村幼儿园工作的大学生比例较低;学历、民族、是否是独生子女和家住地等因素对大学生的从教意愿有着显著影响;控制人口学背景变量后,推力外因对从教意愿无显著解释力,推力内因有着负向的显著解释力,拉力内因与拉力外因对从教意愿有显著的正向解释力,拉力内因的解释力大于拉力外因。根据调查结果,文章从转移边境乡村学前教育发展重点、优化工作环境、改进教师招聘办法和完善高校人才培养的角度提出边境乡村幼儿园教师队伍建设优化的建议。

The shortage of kindergarten teachers in border villages is the main reason restricting the development of local preschool education.Taking Yunnan as an example,this study selected 16 preschool education college students for interviews,and with the help of the push-pull theory analysis framework,the influencing factors of preschool education college students′willingness to teach in border rural kindergartens were divided into four dimensions:internal factors of thrust,external factors of thrust and internal factors of pull,and external factors of pull,and 821 college students were investigated using two self-compiled questionnaires:″influencing factors of college students′willingness to teach in border rural kindergartens″and″college students′willingness to teach in border rural kindergartens″.The results showed that although the proportion of students willing to work in border rural kindergartens was high,the proportion of students who were willing to work in border rural kindergartens for a long time was low,and the factors such as educational background,ethnicity,whether they were only children,and their place of residence had a significant impact on students′willingness to teach;after controlling for demographic variables,external factors of push show no significant explanatory power for willingness to teach,while internal factors of push exhibit a significant negative explanatory power.Both internal and external factors of pull incentives significantly positively influence the willingness to teach,with internal factors of pull having a greater explanatory power than external factors of pull.According to the survey results,this paper puts forward suggestions for the optimization of the construction of kindergarten teachers in border villages from the perspectives of shifting the development focus of preschool education in border villages,optimizing the working environment,improving teacher recruitment methods,and improving the talent training in colleges and universities.