存款占有的刑法教义学反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of Criminal Law Doctrine on Deposit Possession

存款从属性上看分为存款债权与存款债权所对应的现金,对于存款占有的讨论应当考虑存款的不同属性。目前,有关存款债权的学说主要有存款人占有说、银行占有说、共同占有说和区别占有说4种。这些学说的争议主要存在以下两点:(1)能否承认对财产性利益的占有;(2)能否采取规范性占有。本文对4种学说进行比较研究,认为应当承认对财产性利益的占有,在规范性占有和事实性占有上对存款进行具体认定。结合应用实例分析,综合来看,区别占有说更符合我国司法现状,也更容易解决涉及存款的财产性犯罪的定性定罪问题。

Deposits can be divided into the cash corresponding to the credit of deposits and the credit of deposits.The discussion on the possession of deposits should consider the different attributes of deposits.At present,there are four theories about deposit claims:depositor's possession theory,bank's possession theory,common possession theory and differentiated possession theory.The main disputes of these theories are as follows:(1)whether the possession of property interests can be recognized;(2)whether normative possession can be taken.This paper makes a comparative study of four theories and holds that the possession of property interests should be recognized.The deposit is specifically identified in the normative possession and the factual possession.Combining with the analysis of application examples,it is concluded that adopting the differentiated possession theory is more in line with the current judicial situation of our country,and also easier to solve the problem of qualitative conviction of property crimes involving deposit.