基于IMB模型的健康教育在青少年近视治疗中的作用及可行性探讨

The Role and Feasibility Study of Health Education Based on the IMB Model in the Treatment for Myopia Among Adolescents

目的探讨基于信息—动机—行为技能(IMB)模型的健康教育在青少年近视治疗中的作用及可行性。方法选取80例青少年近视患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组接受常规眼科检查和用眼建议,观察组接受为期12个月的基于IMB模型的综合健康教育干预,包括信息传递(如健康讲座、科普手册、微信推送)、动机强化(如个体化咨询、同伴互助小组、家长培训)和行为技能培训(如用眼行为训练、户外活动指导、视力自我管理)。比较两组干预前后的用眼习惯、眼部症状、眼部相关指标(如眼轴长度、屈光度、角膜曲率)和视力改善情况。结果①用眼习惯:干预12个月后,观察组优良率显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。②眼部症状:干预后,观察组各项症状评分显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。③眼部相关指标:干预后,观察组眼轴长度、屈光度和角膜曲率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。④视力改善:干预后,观察组视力提高率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于IMB模型的健康教育能有效改善青少年的用眼习惯,缓解眼部症状,延缓近视进展,提高视力,在青少年近视治疗中具有良好的应用前景。

Purpose To explore the role and feasibility of health education based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills(IMB)model in the prevention and control of myopia among adolescents.Methods Eighty adolescent myopia patients were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group received routine ophthalmic examinations and eye care advice,while the observation group underwent a 12-month comprehensive health education intervention based on the IMB model.This intervention included information dissemination(health lectures,popular science manuals,WeChat notifications),motivation enhancement(personalized counseling,peer support groups,parental training),and behavioral skills training(eye behavior training,outdoor activity guidance,vision self-management).The eye habits,ocular symptoms,eye-related parameters(axial length,refractive error,corneal curvature),and visual acuity improvement before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results①Eye Habits:After 12 months of intervention,the rate of good or excellent eye habits in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.001).②Eye Symptoms:After the intervention,the symptom scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.001).③Eye-Related Indicators:After the intervention,the axial length,refractive power,and corneal curvature in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).④Vision Improvement:After the intervention,the rate of vision improvement in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Health education based on the IMB model can effectively improve adolescents’eye habits,alleviate ocular symptoms,delay myopia progression,enhance visual acuity,and holds promising applications in the prevention and control of myopia among adolescents.