“真相”与“教训”:谷寿夫《日清战史讲义摘要录》剖析

“Truth”and“Lessons”:Analysis of Tani Hisao's The Summary of Lecture Notes for the History of the First Sino-Japanese War

日本防卫省防卫研究所藏有一部孤本《日清战史讲义摘要录》(仅存第一卷),该书由时任日本陆军大学校教官谷寿夫撰写,成书于1925—1926年间,系面向陆军大学校“专攻学生”的甲午战史讲义,内容侧重日方军事战略。其史料来源丰富,尤以《征清用兵隔壁听谈》最为重要。作为非公开著作,该书披露了诸多被日方公开战史刻意遮蔽或扭曲的“真相”,具有重要的史料价值。这种对“真相”的披露,旨在通过总结“教训”服务于将来的战争,充满明显的扩张意图。书中渲染甲午战时日本政府与军方的矛盾,并极力批判政府的“消极”,折射出“大正民主”时期军部对政党内阁的恶感。该书除研究甲午战史以外,也是研究日本军国主义发展史的重要资料。

The Defense Research Institute of the Japanese Ministry of Defense has the only existing copy of The Summary of the Lecture Notes for the History of the Sino-Japanese War(only remaining Volume 1),which was written by Tani Hisao,a former instructor at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy,and was completed between 1925—1926.It is a summary of lecture notes on the history of the First Sino-Japanese War specifically for the“specialized students”at the Academy,focusing on the Japanese military strategy.The sources of historical materials of the book are quite rich and reveals many“truths”that the history of the war made public by the Japanese side deliberately obscured or distorted,so it has an important value as the historical materials.This disclosure of“truth”aims to serve future wars by summarizing“lessons learned”,and is filled with obvious intention of expansion.The book exaggerates the conflicts between the Japanese government and military during the First Sino-Japanese War,and strongly criticizes the government's“negative”attitude,reflecting the military's dislike for party-cabinet during the period of Taisho democracy.In addition to the studies on history of the First Sino-Japanese War,the book also serves as valuable historical materials for the studies on the history of Japanese militarism.