基于构造导向滤波处理的断层提取技术及其应用

A fault extraction technique based on structure-oriented filtering and its application

准确识别断层对于油气田的勘探和开发具有重要意义,在此基础上进一步进行断层提取对于后期综合研究意义重大。目前应用较多的断层提取技术主要包括断层自动追踪、断层切片解释以及手工解释3类。然而面向实际勘探开发的断层提取技术及应用通常存在以下问题:基于属性体的自动追踪方法所提取的断层往往精度较低且连续性较差,断层切片解释及传统手工解释方法周期又较长,耗时严重。针对以上问题,本文采用一种基于构造导向滤波处理的断层提取技术,首先对原始叠后地震数据进行构造导向滤波处理以提高基础数据质量同时增强断层边界特征,然后基于滤波数据体建立相对等时模型并提取能够刻画断层的敏感属性,最后在断层组合关系分析的基础上采用平面和剖面相结合的综合解释方法实现断层的提取。该技术成功应用于SB某区块,实际应用效果表明,相比断层自动追踪解释,该技术可靠性与准确性要更高,相比断层切片解释及手工解释又能大大节省时间,因此具有良好的适用性。

Accurately identifying faults is crucial for the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas fields,and further fault extraction based on this holds critical significance for later comprehensive research.At present,the commonly used fault extraction techniques primarily include automatic fault tracking,fault slice interpretation,and manual interpretation.However,these fault extraction techniques and their application in practical exploration and exploitation often face the following challenges.Automatic fault tracking based on an attribute volume often extracts faults with low accuracy and poor continuity,whereas fault slice interpretation and conventional manual interpretation require long work cycles.Hence,this study proposed a fault extraction technique based on structure-oriented filtering.First,the original poststack seismic data were processed through structure-oriented filtering to improve the quality of fundamental data and enhance the fault boundary features.Then,a relative isochronous model was established based on the filtered data volume,with sensitive attributes that can characterize faults extracted.Finally,based on the analysis of fault combination relationships,a comprehensive interpretation method combining plane and profile views was employed to extract faults.The technique proposed in this study has been successfully applied to a certain block of SB.As indicated by the application results,the proposed technique exhibits higher reliability,accuracy,and efficiency compared to the three commonly used fault extraction techniques,thus demonstrating high applicability.