亏缺灌溉对切花菊“神马”采后品质的影响

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Post-harvest Quality of Cut Chrysanthemum“Shenma”

以鲜切菊花“神马”为供试品种,以鲜切菊花参考作物蒸散量(ET0)为标准,设置T1(90%ET0)、T2(75%ET0)、T3(50%ET0)和CK(100%ET0)4个灌溉处理,在南京信息工程大学日光温室进行田间试验,测定切花瓶插鲜切菊花的花径、鲜重、水分平衡值和寿命,研究亏缺灌溉处理对鲜切菊花外观品质的影响。结果表明:(1)适度亏缺灌溉(T2)的鲜切菊花瓶插寿命最长,严重亏缺灌溉(T3)的鲜切菊花瓶插寿命最短。(2)适度亏缺处理(T2)的鲜切菊花径增大幅度最大,严重亏缺灌溉(T3)花径缩小幅度最大,花朵凋谢速度最快。(3)轻度亏缺灌溉(T1)可以使鲜切菊花保持较大鲜重。(4)适度亏缺灌溉(T2)会使鲜切菊花在瓶插后及凋谢时保持较高水分平衡值。T2处理可显著延长切花菊的瓶插寿命、增加花朵花径并提高水分平衡值,切花菊保水能力和外观品质好,观赏性强。T2处理为南京地区鲜切菊花的最佳灌溉量。

In order to research the effect of deficit irrigation on post-harvest quality of cut chrysanthemums,the variety"Shenma"was selected for testing,different irrigation treatments.Referring to the reference evapotranspiration(ET0)of fresh-cut chrysanthemums,four irrigation treatments,T1(90%ET0),T2(75%ET0),T3(50%ET0),and CK(100%ET0)were established.A field experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse at Nanjing Information Engineering University.The flower diameter,fresh weight,water balance value,and lifespan of the fresh-cut chrysanthemums were measured,and the impact of the deficit irrigation treatments on the appearance quality of the fresh-cut chrysanthemums was investigated.The findings indicate that:(1)the moderate deficit irrigation(T2)results in the longest vase life of the fresh-cut chrysanthemums,while the severe deficit irrigation(T3)results in the shortest vase life.(2)The moderate deficit treatment(T2)results in the largest increase in flower diameter,while the severe deficit irrigation(T3)results in the smallest reduction in flower diameter and the fastest wilting rate.(3)The mild deficit irrigation(T1)allows the fresh-cut chrysanthemums to maintain a significant fresh weight.(4)The moderate deficit irrigation(T2)maintains a higher water balance value for the fresh-cut chrysanthemums after vase planting and at the end of their lifespan.Treatment(T2)significantly prolongs the vase life of cut chrysanthemums,increases flower diameter,and enhances water balance value.It has good water retention and appearance quality,and is highly ornamental.Treatment T2 is the optimal irrigation amount for fresh cut chrysanthemums in Nanjing region.