摘要
19世纪以前,现实主义这一经典概念与文学思潮、流派、创作方法无关,它最早作为一个纯粹的哲学名词意指一种与唯名论相对的“现实性信仰”。从当下的现实主义热回溯到哲学根基,既是历史的回溯,也是概念内部的回退。回溯是解读现实主义之“求真”奥秘的一种基本视角和理论方法,同时也会复现现实主义这一“累积型概念”在不同话语谱系下的“求真”坐标。“悖论性”作为现实主义被忽视的特质之一,是回溯视角中一个隐在的让现实得以发生的推动力。“溯源”与“求真”的遭遇,恰好解答了现实主义是如何从哲学概念转向了思潮流派又转向了话语符号这一问题。哲学溯源虽在一定程度上削减了现实主义作为一个文学概念的丰富性,但是也为现实主义的“失语”或“泛化”提供了可供参考的解读视角。
Before the 19th century,the classical concept of realism had nothing to do with literary trends,genres,or creative methods,and it was first used as a purely philosophical term to refer to a kind of“belief in reality”as opposed to nominalism.Going back to the philosophical roots of realism from the current craze for realism is not only a historical retrospection,but also a retrogression within the concept.Retrospection is a basic perspective and theoretical method for deciphering the mystery of realism's“truth-seeking”,and at the same time,it will also revitalize the“cumulative concept”of realism,which is the concept of accumulation.At the same time,it will also reproduce the coordinates of“truth-seeking”under different discursive spectrums of realism,which is a“cumulative concept”.“Paradoxicality”,as one of the neglected qualities of realism,is an implicit driving force in the retrospective perspective that allows reality to happen.The encounter between“retrospection”and“truth-seeking”is an answer to the question of how realism shifted from philosophical concepts to ideological genres and then to discursive symbols.Although the philosophical traceability cuts down the richness of realism as a literary concept to a certain extent,it also provides an interpretative perspective for the“loss of words”or“generalization”of realism.
关键词
哲学
现实主义
求真
回溯
悖论性
philosophy
realism
truth-seeking
retrospection
paradoxicality
