美国南方女性文学的哥特现实主义

Gothic Realism in American Southern Female Literature

内战后的美国南方艰难走向工业化和城市化,社会矛盾尖锐,混乱和失序是常态,为文学的现实书写有效融入哥特性提供良机。长篇小说《飘》、《铁脉》和短篇小说《难民》的哥特现实主义以多感官叙事和丰富的哥特化意象分别表征19世纪下半叶和20世纪上半叶南方社会转型中城市空间的阈限化、怪诞人物的生存困境,以及“南方骄傲”的毁灭力量,在写景、写人、写事中表现出南方文艺复兴时期女作家对南方不同时期思想症结和社会问题的深刻洞察。

American south moved painfully to industrialization and urbanization after the Civil War,during which the society was besieged by intensified contradictions,chaos and disorder.And this provided writers with a good opportunity to fuse Gothic style in their realist writings.Characterized with the multi-sensory narrative and rich gothic images in their Gothic realism,the novels Gone with the Wind and Vein of Iron,and the short story“The Displaced Person”represent respectively liminality of the urban space,the living predicament of the so-called grotesque people as well as the destructive power of the“Southern pride”.In narrating urban landscape,characters and events,the works reflect the women writers'insightful observations of the south's ideological and social problems in the latter half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.