摘要
新世纪以来,乡土现实书写面临困境,阎连科长篇小说《受活》的后记《寻找超越主义的现实》一度引发学界关于乡土文学中“现实主义传统的失落”的争论。乡土书写中“现实”向“现代”的转型,“写实”到“象征”的变迁,在一定程度上导致对故事叙述的过度偏重,由此产生失真、浅薄等问题与弊病。进入新时代的乡土写作力求突破这一困境,重构乡土文学与乡村现实之间的有效关系,重振乡土文学介入现实的能动效应。作家通过如盐入水地走近乡村,深入肌理地采风与考察,探知与体认当下真实的中国乡村。他们的创作经由风土人情与民风民俗的融入,乡村日常生活的刻画,贴近真实、贴近自然、贴近土地的书写姿态,使得民间文化资源与现实主义风格互构,赋予乡土写作新生意义与审美特质,开拓乡土书写与现实主义创作的新路径。
Since the new century,the writing of local reality has been faced with difficulties.Yan Lianke's postscript“In Search of the Reality of Transcendence”in his novel Lenin's Kisses once triggered a debate about the“loss of the realistic tradition”in local literature.The transition from“reality”to“modern”and from“realism”to“symbolism”in local writing,to a certain extent,lead to excessive emphasis on story narration,resulting in distortion,superficiality and other problems and drawbacks.Local writing in the new era strives to break through this dilemma,reconstruct the effective relationship between local literature and rural reality,and revive the dynamic effect of local literature intervening in reality.The writer approaches the countryside like salt into the water,and goes deep into the texture of the sampling and investigation,to explore and understand the real Chinese countryside.Through the integration of local customs and folk customs,the depiction of rural daily life,and the writing attitude close to reality,nature and land,their creation makes the folk cultural resources and realistic style mutually construct,endows local writing with new meaning and aesthetic characteristics,and opens up a new path for local writing and realistic creation.
