突发事件网络舆情:认知图景与分析框架

Online Public Opinion in Emergencies:Cognitive Landscape and Analytical Framework

文章聚焦突发事件应急管理,重新审视突发事件网络舆情的内涵与治理方向,旨在通过舆情治理,同时支撑网络舆情风险的有效管控与突发事件风险的理性沟通。首先,系统梳理现有突发事件网络舆情研究的分析框架与治理逻辑,并将其明确划分为危机管理范式和风险沟通范式;其次,重塑突发事件网络舆情的认知图景,从风险建构视角论述突发事件网络舆情的内涵与本质,从风险感知与社会动员两个维度阐述网络舆情的正向和负向作用机制;最后,以网络舆情风险治理和突发事件应急管理为目标导向,提出以舆情主体和舆情本体为核心的网络舆情分析框架,用以支撑突发事件网络舆情治理。据此,打破了传统网络舆情研究的危机管理范式,重塑了突发事件网络舆情的认知图景,建构了突发事件网络舆情的分析框架,为突发事件应急管理与网络舆情治理提供了新的视角和参考依据。

Focusing on emergency management,we re-examine the implication and governance direction of online public opinion in emergencies,aiming to support both the effective control of online public opinion risks and rational communication of emergency risks through public opinion governance.Firstly,we systematically review the analytical frameworks and governance logics of existing online public opinion research,and clearly classify them into crisis management paradigm and risk communication paradigm;Secondly,we reshape the cognitive landscape of online public opinion in emergencies,and discuss the implication and essence of online public opinion in emergencies from the perspective of risk construction,and describe the positive and negative mechanisms of online public opinion in terms of risk perception and social motivation;Finally,we propose an analytical framework of online public opinion based on the subject and the ontology of public opinion to support the governance of online public opinion in emergencies,with risk management and emergency response management as the goal orientation.This study broke the crisis management paradigm of traditional online public opinion research,reshaped the cognitive picture of online public opinion in emergencies,constructed an analytical framework of online public opinion in emergencies and therefore can provide new perspectives and reference bases for emergency management of emergencies and online public opinion governance.