从“基于遗产地”到“基于文化景观”——文化遗产资源管理的国际实践

From"Site-based"to"Cultural Landscape-based":International Practices in the Management of Cultural Heritage Resources

文化景观不仅是一种遗产类别,还是一种保护方法和管理策略,使用“文化景观方法”进行区域性景观管理、实现自然-文化综合保护已成新的趋势。文化景观方法建立在承认景观复杂性的基础上,以联系与协调自然/生态、文化、历史作为目标,从识别、评价到管理政策制定都遵循“整体大于各部分之和”原则。解析澳大利亚新南威尔士州及加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省2个联邦国家一级行政单位相应文化景观方法的政策背景、应用步骤与实践经验,进而对文化景观方法的深入应用进行探讨并提出展望,以资借鉴。

The cultural landscape serves not only as a category but also as a methodological strategy for conservation and management.There is a burgeoning trend towards adopting the cultural landscape approach for regional landscape management and integrated natureculture conservation.The cultural landscape approach is based on the recognition of landscape complexity.It follows the principle that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts from identification,evaluation to formulation of management policies,with the goal of linking and coordinating nature/ecology,culture and history.The policy contexts,application steps and practical experiences of the corresponding cultural landscape approaches in New South Wales(Australia)and British Columbia(Canada),two federal state/province-level administrative units,are analyzed,and the in-depth application of cultural landscape approach is discussed and the prospect is put forward for reference.