甘草、苦木提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、腹泻率和血清指标的影响

Effects of Licorice and Picrasma quassioides Extract and Montmorillonite on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Rate and Serum Indices of Suckling Calves

本试验旨在研究甘草、苦木提取物(以下简称甘苦提取物)与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、腹泻率和血清指标的影响。选取45头5日龄中国荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为3个组(每组3个重复,每个重复5头牛),分别为对照组(饲喂代乳粉/开食料)、甘苦提取物组(LPE组,饲喂代乳粉/开食料+1 g/kg甘苦提取物)和甘苦提取物+蒙脱石组(LPE+MMT组,饲喂代乳粉/开食料+1 g/kg甘苦提取物+5 g/kg蒙脱石)。预试期3 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,LPE和LPE+MMT组平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)、体高、十字部位高、腰角宽和胸围均无显著差异(P>0.05),体斜长全期增长率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,LPE和LPE+MMT组8~37日龄、38~67日龄和8~67日龄的粪便评分和8~37日龄的腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05),LPE+MMT组38~67日龄和8~67日龄的腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,LPE+MMT组血清胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量显著提高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)含量显著降低(P<0.05);LPE和LPE+MMT组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。LPE+MMT组血清MDA含量显著低于LPE组(P<0.05),血清IgM含量显著高于LPE组(P<0.05)。由此可见,在哺乳期犊牛代乳粉中添加甘苦提取物与蒙脱石可有效促进机体的生长发育,降低犊牛的腹泻率,增强抗氧化能力和免疫功能,且甘苦提取物与蒙脱石联用的效果优于甘苦提取物。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract and montmorillonite on growth performance,diarrhea rate and serum indices of suckling calves.Forty-five 5-day-old Chinese Holstein male calves were selected and divided into 3 groups(3 replicates per group and 5 calves per replicate),namely control group(fed with milk replacer/starter),licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract group(LPE group,fed with milk replacer/starter+1 g/kg licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract)and licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract+montmorillonite group(LPE+MMT group,fed with milk replacer/starter+1 g/kg licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract+5 g/kg montmorillonite),respectively.The pre-experimental period lasted for 3 days,and the experimental period lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),feed to gain ratio(F/G),body height,cruciform height,hip width and heart girth of LPE and LPE+MMT groups were no significant difference(P>0.05),and the overall growth rate of body oblique length was significantly increased(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the fecal score during 8 to 37 days of age,38 to 67 days of age and 8 to 67 days of age and diarrhea rate during 8 to 37 days of age of LPE and LPE+MMT groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the diarrhea rate during 38 to 67 days of age and 8 to 67 days of age of LPE+MMT group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the serum insulin growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)content of LPE+MMT group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the contents of interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-8(IL-8)in serum were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities and immunoglobulin M(IgM)content in serum of LPE and LPE+MMT groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The serum MDA content of LPE+MMT group was significantly lower than that of LPE group(P<0.05),and the serum IgM content was significantly higher than that of LPE group(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract and montmorillonite to milk replacer of suckling calves can effectively promote the body growth and development,reduce the diarrhea rate of calves,enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function,and the combination of licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract and montmorillonite has better effects than licorice and Picrasma quassioides extract.