基于杜长大猪营养价值数据库建立定安猪和定安黑猪饲料原料有效能预测模型的研究

Establishment of Efficient Energy Prediction Models of Feed Ingredients for Ding’an Pigs and Ding’an Black Pigs Based on Database of Nutritional Values of Duroc×Landace×Yorkshire Pigs

本试验旨在评价玉米、豆粕等常规原料以及海南省地源性饲料原料在杜长大猪、定安黑猪和定安猪上的有效能值及养分利用差异规律,建立定安黑猪与定安猪饲料原料营养价值数据库及有效能值预测模型。选用90日龄杜长大猪、定安黑猪和定安猪各10头(去势公猪),评定10种饲料原料的有效能值,按照3个10×6不完全拉丁方设计,随机分配10个饲粮处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头猪,采用全收粪尿法和套算法测定饲料原料的有效能值。结果表明:玉米、豆粕、木薯、甘薯、椰子粕、棕榈粕、木薯渣、果渣(诺丽)、米糠和椰蓉对杜长大猪的代谢能分别为13.32、14.76、12.22、11.99、16.29、10.01、6.38、5.92、5.25、18.37 MJ/kg;定安黑猪代谢能分别为13.52、15.00、12.46、12.67、16.89、10.99、7.34、6.69、6.79、18.85 MJ/kg;定安猪代谢能分别为13.53、15.04、12.13、12.49、16.37、10.64、6.70、7.73、5.37、18.88 MJ/kg。杜长大猪对棕榈粕、木薯渣、果渣和米糠的代谢能均显著低于定安黑猪和定安猪(P<0.05)。定安黑猪和定安猪对原料中有机物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率显著高于杜长大猪(P<0.05)。基于杜长大猪有效能推导定安黑猪代谢能最佳预测方程为:ME_(定安黑猪)=0.945×ME_(杜长大猪)+0.11×NDF+0.279,定安猪代谢能的最佳预测方程为:ME_(定安猪)=0.871×DE_(杜长大猪)-1.39×Ash+1.828,式中,ME为代谢能;NDF为中性洗涤纤维素;DE为消化能;Ash为粗灰分。综上所述,定安黑猪和定安猪对饲料纤维的消化利用能力高于杜长大猪,且富含纤维的饲料原料在定安黑猪和定安猪上的有效能值高于杜长大猪;根据此养分利用差异规律,可建立基于杜长大猪饲料有效能预测地方猪饲料有效能的模型,有助于促进定安黑猪和定安猪有效能值数据库的完善。

The purpose of this study was to establish a feed nutritional value database and effective energy prediction model for Ding’an black pigs and Ding’an pigs by evaluating the difference of effective energy and nutrient utilization of conventional feed ingredients such as corn and soybean meal and local feedstuff in Hainan Province.A total of 90-day-old(castrated males)Duroc×Landace×Yorkshire(DLY)pigs,Ding’an pigs and Ding’an black pigs were randomly assigned to 10 treatments based on a 3×10×6 incomplete Latin square design.Each treatment had 6 replicates with 1 pig per replicate.The effective energy value of feed ingredients was determined by total collection method of feces and urine as well as nested analysis method.The results showed that the metabolizable energy of corn,soybean meal,cassava,sweet potato,coconut meal,palm meal,cassava residue,pomace(Noni),unite bran and coconut to DLY pigs was 13.32,14.76,12.22,11.99,16.29,10.01,6.38,5.92,5.25 and 18.37 MJ/kg,respectively.Metabolizable energy of Ding’an pigs was 13.53,15.04,12.13,12.49,16.37,10.64,6.70,7.73,5.37,18.88 MJ/kg,respectively.The metabolizable energy of Ding’an black pigs was 13.52,15.00,12.46,12.67,16.89,10.99,7.34,6.69,6.79,18.85 MJ/kg,respectively.The metabolizable energy of palm meal,cassava residue,pomace and unite bran of DLY pigs was significantly lower than that of Ding’an pigs and Ding’an black pigs(P<0.05).The digestibility of organic matter,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in feed ingredients of Ding’an black pigs and Ding’an pigs was significantly higher than that of DLY pigs(P<0.05).Based on the effective energy of DLY pigs,the optimal prediction equation for metabolizing energy of Ding’an black pigs was as follows:ME_(Ding’an black pigs)=0.945×ME_(DLY)+0.11×NDF+0.279,and the optimal prediction equation for metabolizing energy of Ding’an pig was as follows:ME_(Ding’an pigs)=0.871×DE_(DLY) 1.39×Ash+1.828,and where ME was metabolizable energy;NDF was neutral detergent fiber;DE was digestive energy;Ash was crude ash.In summary,the digestion and utilization capacity of dietary fiber in Ding’an black pigs and Ding’an pigs are higher than those in DLY pigs,and the effective energy values of fiber-rich feed ingredients in Ding’an black pigs and Ding’an pigs are higher than those in DLY pigs.In summary,Ding’an black pigs and Ding’an pigs have higher digestive and utilization abilities for feed fiber than DLY pigs,and the effective energy value of fibrous feedstuffs in Ding’an black pigs and Ding’an pigs is higher than that in DLY pigs.According to this nutrient utilization difference rule,a model based on predicting the effective energy of local pigs’feed with that of DLY pigs can be established,which will help promote the improvement of the effective energy value database of Ding’an black pigs and Ding’an pigs.