雷山县羊布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查及防控建议

Investigation of Brucella Brucellosis in Leishan County and Suggestions for Prevention and Control

为了解雷山县羊布鲁氏菌病流行情况,2023年5—11月笔者对雷山县8个乡镇6个规模养殖场、10个小型养羊场、58个农村散养户进行羊布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查,同时采集羊血清样品510份进行检测。调研结果显示,510份羊血清样品经虎红平板凝集试验初筛初筛布鲁氏菌病阳性率为4.12%(21/510),对初筛出来的21份阳性样品用试管凝集试验检出羊布鲁氏菌病抗体阳性率为0%。对全县74个养羊场(户)进行入户调查显示:90%以上知晓布鲁氏菌病、80%的养羊户认为布鲁氏菌病对羊群危害严重、少数养羊户不知道布鲁氏菌病会传染给人、被调查从业者中约50%的人不知道人感染布鲁氏菌病后临床症状、60%的人有采取防护措施、39%的人直接徒手接生、处理流产胎儿等等。以上结果表明,布鲁氏菌病的防控重点要围绕监测排查、消毒灭源、净化无疫、检疫调运监督、规范疫情处置、效果评估等开展工作,同时,还应对养殖户和村级防疫员在布鲁氏菌病危害方面加强宣传。

To understand the brucellosis of Brucella in Leishan County,from May to November,the 2023 survey of Brucella brucellosis was carried out in 6 scale farms,10 small sheep farms and 58 rural farmers in Leishan County,at the same time,510 sheep serum samples were collected for detection.The results showed that:the positive rate of 510 sheep serum samples was 4.12%(21/510),the positive rate of goat brucellosis antibody was 0%The results of a household survey in 74 sheep farms in the county showed that:more than 90%of the sheep farmers knew the brucellosis,80%of them thought that brucellosis was serious to the sheep,a few of the sheep farmers did not know that brucellosis could infect others,about 50%of the surveyed workers did not know the clinical symptoms of people infected with brucellosis,60%of them took protective measures,39%of them directly delivered babies with their bare hands,handled aborted fetuses,etc.The results indicated that,the prevention and control of brucellosis should focus on monitoring and investigation,disinfection and elimination of sources,purification and prevention of epidemics,quarantine and transportation supervision,standardized epidemic disposal,and effectiveness evaluation.At the same time,efforts should be made to strengthen publicity among farmers and village level epidemic prevention officers on the hazards of brucellosis.