未来导向与多元辩论:国际传播视野下中国主流媒体建设性新闻报道实践

Future Orientation and Diverse Debates:Constructive News Reporting Practices of Mainstream Chinese Media from an International Communication Perspective

分析建设性新闻在国际传播中的实践发展,既是对建设性新闻理念中国化的深入和再构,也是对国家形象塑造路径的有益探索。以党的二十大召开期间中国国际电视台(CGTN)在YouTube平台发布的建设性新闻视频为代表,基于内容分析和情感分析,尝试对中国主流媒体对外传播的建设性新闻范式进行总结。研究发现,CGTN将建设性新闻要素运用于国际传播的实践特点可以归纳为四方面:秉持客观原则,合理使用面向未来要素,兼顾责任担当和实干宣传;以宏大叙事为主,感性个人叙事和生动微观叙事仍须加强;采用去极化、建设性访谈、共同创造和赋权三类建设性新闻要素彰显共性价值,新闻主体范围有所拓宽;在维护本国意志基础上尊重异质观点,加大共同创造与赋权要素的使用力度以提升公民辩论色彩与观点包容度。面向未来,应从新闻客观、叙事话语、共性价值、媒体赋权等方面优化中国对外传播实践,从而助益进一步提高国际传播质量、提升国际传播效能。

While the practice of constructive journalism in the Chinese context has been deepening,few studies have examined the characterization and efficacy of constructive journalism in the international arena.As a major China-related issue in the global spotlight,the 20th CPC National Congress provides an opportunity to further expand the study of constructive journalism in the international context.Based on the current international public opinion pattern,we will explore the paradigm of constructive journalism in the international communication of Chinese mainstream media,comprehensively grasp the use of the six elements of constructive news in the country’s external media’s international communication and its capacity to mobilize the audience’s emotions,and reflect on the development of China’s constructive news in international communication,which will facilitate the in-depth reconstruction of the concept of constructive news in China and promote its organic combination with communication practice,provide a new narrative mode and value guidance for telling China’s story well,and better empower the construction and dissemination of China’s national image in contemporary era.In this study,we analyze the constructive news videos released by CGTN on YouTube during the 20th National Congress,capturing 229 videos,from which we obtained 193 valid videos and their user comments.Based on the definition of constructive news elements and the research methods of content analysis and sentiment analysis,with the help of data mining plug-in,AntConc software,Python’s Textblob corpus package and RStudio software tools,the news samples were coded,analyzed for word frequency,scored for sentiment and visualized,and combined with the timeline to study the characteristics of the news releases and the law of audience's emotional response,attempting to summarize and reflect on the constructive news paradigm of China’s mainstream media's international communication.The data results show that CGTN’s practice of applying constructive news elements in international communication can be summarized in four aspects:upholding the principle of objectivity,reasonably utilizing future orientation elements,and taking into account responsibility and practical propaganda;focusing on grand narratives,while emotional personal narratives and vivid micro-narratives need further strengthening;adopting the three types of constructive news elements,namely,depolarization,constructive interviewing,and co-creation and empowerment,to highlight the value of commonality.In addition,the scope of news subjects has been broadened;on the basis of upholding the will of the country and respecting heterogeneous viewpoints,it is still necessary to increase the use of the elements of co-creation and empowerment in order to enhance the diversity of civic debates and the degree of tolerance of viewpoints.Based on an international perspective,this study focuses on typical cases to analyze the application of Chinese constructive journalism in international communication.It adopts a variety of research methods and intelligent technological tools to enhance the scientific and cutting-edge nature of the study;it focuses on the elements of constructive journalism to carry out a multi-dimensional interpretation of the relevant reports of CGTN,which provides a novel perspective for the sinicization of the concept of constructive journalism,and promotes the localized translation and innovation of the theory of constructive journalism.