央地角色转换中的政策试验策略研究——以深圳从先行先试到先行示范为例

Research on the Policy Experimental Strategy in the Role Transformation of Central and Local Governments——Shenzhen’s Practice as An Exemplar

中央和地方都是政策试验的重要主体,其中政策目标、政治风险、成本收益等因素构成了中央与地方在政策试验过程中角色转换的关键因素。在政策目标模糊的情况下,中央更多地采取划定政治风险红线的方式,通过放权地方进行多“点”政策试验。在政策目标清晰、风险可控的情况下,中央倾向于顶层设计,同时基于地方禀赋和成本收益的考量,采取指定单“点”的方式进行政策试验。深圳从先行先试到先行示范的政策试验为之提供了有力的经验证据。政策试验中央地角色的相机转换对于调动中央和地方的积极性具有重要意义。

Both the central government and local governments are important subjects for policy experimentation,within which their roles have a logic of mutual conversion.Factors such as policy goals,politics,risks,costs,and benefits have a significant impact on the transformation of their roles.When policy objectives are vague,the central government will delineate political risk red-lines,using risk investment strategies.However,when clear policy objectives and controllable risks are presented,the central government will provide a top-level design.After considering a local government’s resources and risk exposure,the center will choose a single“point”strategy.Shenzhen’s experience with policy experimentation provides ample evidence of the phenomenon.