基层负担实证研究的知识图景与理论基础

The Knowledge Framework and Theoretical Foundations of Empirical Research on Grassroots Burdens

基层政府工作人员在政策执行中的繁重经历是社会治理中的热点话题。基于中英文期刊2001—2022年相关文献,本文对基层负担的研究特征、概念类型和理论基础进行总结分析。研究表明:基层负担研究快速增长,已有研究侧重于乡镇和村级行政组织的负担,更为关注扶贫、乡村政策、环保、机关事务等政策领域的负担;基层负担涉及职能扩张、中心工作、内部管理多种类型;理论解释更为多元和精细,研究设计更为完善,国家与社会关系、技术治理和制度逻辑构成基层负担解释的理论基础。已有研究很好解释了基层政府负担普遍偏重的现象,但在概念的清晰性、负担表现差异化的解释等方面存在一些不足。未来的研究应当清晰界定负担的概念内涵、建构不同基层政府负担差异的理论解释,将“时间”视角带入基层负担的研究之中。

The burdens experienced by grassroots government workers during policy implementation have become a prominent topic in social science.This paper reviews and analyzes literature from Chinese and English journals between 2001 and 2022,summarizing the research characteristics,conceptual frameworks,and theoretical foundations of grassroots burdens.The findings indicate that grassroots burdens have garnered increasing attention in public administration journals.Existing research predominantly focuses on the challenges faced by township and village administrative organizations,especially in policy areas such as poverty alleviation,rural development,environmental protection,and administrative governance.Grassroots burdens encompass various forms,including functional expansion,central mandates,and internal management responsibilities.Theoretical explanations have become more nuanced and comprehensive,with frameworks such as state-society relations,technological governance,and institutional logic providing key insights into these challenges.While existing research has effectively explored the overall heavy burdens on grassroots governments,it still lacks clarity in defining concepts and explaining variations in burdens across different contexts.Future studies should aim to refine the conceptual definitions of grassroots burdens,develop theoretical frameworks to explain the differences in burden manifestations,and incorporate a temporal perspective into the analysis of grassroots responsibilities.