乡土性与国家化:新乡土德治的理论来源、现实困境与实践路径探究

Locality and Nationalization:Research on the Theoretical Source,Realistic Dilemma and Practical Path of the New Rural Moral Governance

乡村文明是中华文明史的主体,而乡土德治缔造了农耕文明的基因。新乡土德治是乡土性与国家化相结合产生的乡村德治新形态,其理论生成来源于“根脉”与“魂脉”的统一,是乡村德治重释文明与重塑认同的产物。新乡土德治的核心问题是要处理好乡土性与国家化的关系,让传统道德赓续民族血脉,传承文明基因,体现乡村德治的民族特色、民族气派和民族风格;让国家化成风化俗,正心明道,赋予传统道德以现代性力量。在乡土社会的现代性变迁中,新乡土德治面临德治价值之困,德治规范之散,德治权威之尴等系列现实困境,冲击着乡村德治的价值、结构与秩序。基于“以何治-如何治-谁来治”的逻辑,从基因传承、制度支撑和结构化权威方面探究了新乡土德治的实践路径,实质是“历史-文化-政治”维度的价值共生,是传统与现代德治元素的共契共治。只有如此,新乡土德治才能实现为乡村振兴培“根”铸“魂”的治理目标。

Rural civilization is the main body of the history of Chinese civilization,and the rural moral govern-ance creates the gene of farming civilization.The new rural moral governance is a new form of rural moral govern-ance produced by the combination of locality and nationalization.The theoretical generation comes from the unity of"root vein"and"soul vein",which is the product of reinterpreting civilization and reshaping identity of rural moral governance.The core issue of the new rural moral governance is to handle the relationship between locality and na-tionalization,so that traditional morality can keep the blood of the nation alive,inherit the civilized genes,and em-body the national characteristics,national manner and national style of rural moral governance which the country improves social atmosphere and upgrades the social situation,carries forward the correct principle and presides over social fairness and justice,and endow traditional morality with modern power.In the modern changes of rural socie-ty,the new rural moral governance faces a series of realistic dilemmas,such as the dilemma of the value of rural moral governance,the dispersion of norms of rural moral governance,and the embarrassment of authority of rural moral governance,which impact the value,structure and order of rural moral governance.Based on the logic of"re-lying on what to govern-why to govern-how to govern",the paper reveals the practical path of the new rural moral governance from the aspects of gene inheritance,institutional support and structured authority,which is essentially the value symbiosis in the dimension of"history-culture-politics",and is the common agreement and co-governance of traditional and modern elements of rural moral governance.Only in this way can the new rural moral governance achieve the governance goal of cultivating"roots"and casting"souls"for the countryside.