粤港澳大湾区真的产业结构趋同了吗?——基于制造业产业结构趋同与竞合关系视角

Has the Industrial Structure in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Became Increasingly Homogeneous:From the Perspective of Convergence and Competition in the Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Industries

制造业高质量发展是粤港澳大湾区经济发展迈向高端化的重要支撑与主攻方向。粤港澳大湾区内地城市制造业规模优势突出,调整区域产业结构,促进城市产业分工和协作对于提升粤港澳大湾区制造业核心竞争力意义重大。对粤港澳大湾区内地城市制造业2011年、2016年和2021年三个时间点的结构趋同程度、产业竞争和合作网络、行业专业化分工程度以及主导产业特征及其演变研究的结果表明:(1)粤港澳大湾区内地城市之间存在不同程度的制造业结构趋同,其中广州都市圈、深圳都市圈总体表现出合意的趋同,主要是都市圈核心城市与协作城市产业内和产业链分工协作所致。(2)粤港澳大湾区内地城市制造业的产业竞争表现为能级接近城市之间的横向竞争,这种横向竞争无论是否在相同城市圈都存在。产业合作则表现为核心城市与协作城市的纵向合作,主要存在于都市圈内部,且横向竞争在减弱,纵向合作得到加强。(3)核心城市部分行业专业化、集聚现象得到强化,外围城市正经历差异化、专业化发展阶段,这是制造业升级过程中产业在区域范围再次分工、协作的结果。(4)都市圈联系网络的加强、核心城市的辐射带动作用、地理邻近性、港澳地区的积极作用等是促进粤港澳大湾区内地城市制造业结构趋同和产业趋向分工合作的主要原因。

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(hereinafter referred to as the Greater Bay Area)has seen substantial changes in its industrial structure due to efforts to construct a metropolitan circle,laying a strong foundation for the high-quality development of its manufacturing industry.Most existing studies on the convergence and competition of the manufacturing structure in the Greater Bay Area lack a comprehensive measurement and analysis from the perspective of the metropolitan circle by using multiple indicators in multiple dimensions,especially the intra-city division of labor.This paper addresses the gap by examining the structural convergence,industrial competition,and cooperation networks,specialization,and labor division in the manufacturing sector of mainland cities in the Greater Bay Area for the years 2011,2016,and 2021.The findings are as follows.1)There are varying degrees of convergence among mainland cities,with the Guangzhou and Shenzhen metropolitan circles showing significant convergence.This is primarily driven by intra-industry labor division and industrial chain cooperation between core and cooperative cities within these metropolitan circles.2)Industrial competition in the Greater Bay Area manifests as horizontal competition between cities of similar economic levels,both within and across city circles.Conversely,industrial cooperation appears as a vertical collaboration between core and cooperative cities,predominantly within metropolitan areas.Horizontal competition has diminished while vertical cooperation has strengthened.3)The convergence and cooperation within the Greater Bay Area are significantly influenced by the strengthening of metropolitan circle connections,the radiating and driving roles of core cities,geographical proximity,and the positive impact of Hong Kong and Macao.This paper extends existing literature in three aspects.1)Utilizing multiple indicators,the paper offers a thorough investigation into the convergence and evolution of manufacturing structures in mainland cities in the Greater Bay Area,thus enriching research on industrial structure convergence.2)This paper distinguishes the structural similarity and changes among the three metropolitan circles within the Greater Bay Area,focusing on core and collaborative cities as well as cities of similar economic levels.3)It not only compares the industrial structure horizontally across the Greater Bay Area but also evaluates the vertical industrial division among mainland cities using multi-regional input-output tables from relevant years.The conclusions provide valuable insights and empirical evidence for shaping industrial development policies and regional integration strategies in the Greater Bay Area,highlighting the dynamic interplay between competition and cooperation in fostering regional economic growth.