美国全球供应链的扩张与收缩:一个历史视角

Expansion and Contraction of U.S.GSC:A Historical Perspective

进入21世纪以来,旧的全球化框架日益暴露出不平等的利益分配等问题。特别是国际金融危机卷土重来,加上新冠疫情、地缘政治危机的冲击,单边主义、贸易保护主义等逆全球化思潮纷纷抬头,全球供应链出现了收缩现象,这似乎与马克思关于资本本身具有无限扩张冲动的论断相矛盾。就美国而言,产业资本推动了其全球供应链的扩张,而后金融资本占据主导地位,在这一过程中,金融资本与产业资本逐渐貌合神离,最终出现金融资本主义阶段美国全球供应链的收缩现象。这一全球供应链的战略转向背后,是资本主义一般性矛盾运动规律的体现。美国全球供应链战略的演变实际上是在资本本性驱使下,以巩固资本核心权力为目的而采取的权宜之计,是暂时的“退却”。从另一个角度看,既然资本主义发展陷入困境具有必然性,那么实现真正普惠的、公平的全球供应链就是可持续发展的关键,探索新的全球供应链发展模式以取代旧的发展模式,避免掉入资本主义发展规律的陷阱,是全人类的共同使命。

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century,the old framework of globalization has increasingly exposed problems such as unequal distribution of benefits.In particular,with the resurgence of the international financial crisis,coupled with the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and geopolitical crises,and the rise of anti-globalization trends such as unilateralism and trade protectionism,there has been a contraction of the global supply chain,which seems to contradict Marx's assertion that capital itself has an unlimited expansionary impulse.In the case of the United States,industrial capital drove the expansion of its global supply chain,and then finance capital took the lead,and in the process,finance capital and industrial capital gradually became inseparable.Eventually,the phenomenon of the contraction of the GSC of the United States during the financial capitalism phase emerged.Behind this strategic shift in the GSC is the embodiment of the law of the general contradiction movement of capitalism.The evolution of the U.S.GSC strategy is actually a temporary"retreat"driven by the nature of capital and the expediency of consolidating the core power of capital.From another perspective,since it is inevitable for capitalist development to fll into a predicament,the realization of a truly inclusive and equitable global supply chain is the key to sustainable development,and it is the common mission of all mankind to explore a new model of global supply chain development in order to replace the old one,and to avoid falling into the traps of the laws of capitalist development.