丧乱纪事与幽暗意识——周氏兄弟阅读史的交集

History of Cannibalism and Dark Consciousness——An Intersection of the Zhou Brothers'Reading Histories

近世中国的丧乱纪事是鲁迅和周作人阅读史的交集之一,他们着力搜讨的丧乱纪事集中于明清易代之际和清末太平天国之乱。周氏兄弟讲述的“长毛”故事,包含着他们的家族隐痛及切身感受到的历史恐怖。“故鬼重来”的恐惧使其不但从历史的字缝中读出吃人二字,以史为鉴亦可映照出附着在活人身上的死魂灵。周氏兄弟对丧乱纪事的特殊嗜好,折射出他们思想深层的“幽暗意识”。被幽暗意识俘获的启蒙者化身为“爱夜的人”,具有“自在暗中,看一切暗”的能力。源于野史笔记的“古老的忧惧”,在某种程度上形成了周氏兄弟对革命、战争、国民性及乡土中国的基本判断。如何对抗历史的恐怖,超克幽暗意识,终结人吃人的历史,是他们终其一生追问的思想命题。

Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren shared a common interest in the history of cannibalism in early modern China in their reading histories.Their research and collection of the history of cannibalism was centered around the time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Taiping Rebellion at the end of the Qing Dynasty.The stories of"long hair"("长毛")told by the Zhou brothers implicated the hidden anguish of their family and the terror of history that they personally experienced.The fear of"old ghosts coming back"'led them not only to decode the cannibalism between the lines of history but also to recognize the dead souls clinging to the living,as reflected in the mirror of history.The Zhou Brothers'peculiar interest in the history of cannibalism reflects a"dark consciousness"'deep in their thoughts.Captured by the dark consciousness,the Enlighteners transformed into"lovers of the night"with the ability to"see all the darkness in the dark"The"ancient fear"that originated in the unofficial history has,to some extent,shaped he Zhou brothers'basic judgments on revolution,war,nationalism,and rural China.Fighting against the terror of history,overcoming the dark consciousness and ending the history of cannibalism has been their lifelong pursuit in their intellectual activities.