前交叉韧带重建术后侧切动作的生物力学特征

Biomechanics during cutting movement in individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

目的:探究前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)重建术后12个月左右的患者在侧切动作过程中的生物力学特征,确定主要的异常生物力学特征及其机制。方法:对16例ACL重建术后12个月左右的患者同步采集侧切动作过程中的运动学和动力学参数,计算膝关节的三维角度和三维力矩。应用配对t检验方法分析重建侧与未伤侧之间的生物力学特征差异。结果:在侧切动作过程中,ACL重建侧的水平向后地面反作用力峰值(ACL重建侧0.380±0.071,未伤侧0.427±0.069,P=0.003)和垂直向上地面反作用力峰值(ACL重建侧1.996±0.202,未伤侧2.110±0.182,P=0.001)均显著小于未伤侧。与未伤侧相比,重建侧的膝关节屈曲角度较小(ACL重建侧38.3°±7.4°,未伤侧42.8°±7.9°,P<0.001),而外旋角度较大(ACL重建侧10.3°±2.4°,未伤侧7.7°±2.1°,P=0.008)。ACL重建侧的膝关节伸展力矩峰值(ACL重建侧0.092±0.031,未伤侧0.133±0.024,P<0.001)和外旋力矩峰值(ACL重建侧0.005±0.004,未伤侧0.008±0.004,P=0.015)均显著小于未伤侧。结论:在侧切动作过程中,ACL重建患者膝关节运动主要在矢状面和水平面内呈现不对称特征,重建侧呈现较小的屈膝角度、膝关节伸展力矩和外旋力矩和较大的膝关节外旋角度。

Objective:To evaluate knee biomechanics of patients about 12 months after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction during cutting and determine the abnormal biomechanical characteristics.Methods:Sixteen males about 12 months after ACL reconstruction were recruited for this study.Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected during cutting movement.Knee joint angles and moments were calculated.Paired t-tests were used to compare the differences in knee biomechanics between the surgical leg and nonsurgical leg.Results:The peak posterior ground reaction force(surgical leg:0.380±0.071;nonsurgical leg:0.427±0.069,P=0.003)and vertical ground reaction force(surgical leg:1.996±0.202,nonsurgical leg:2.110±0.182,P=0.001)were significantly smaller in the surgical leg than in the nonsurgical leg.When compared with the uninjured leg,the surgical leg demonstrated a smaller knee flexion angle(surgical leg:38.3°±7.4°;nonsurgical leg:42.8°±7.9°,P<0.001)and larger external rotation angle(surgical leg:10.3°±2.4°;nonsurgical leg:7.7°±2.1°,P=0.008).The surgical leg also demonstrated a smaller peak knee extension moment(surgical leg:0.092±0.031;nonsurgical leg:0.133±0.024,P<0.001)and peak knee external rotation moment(surgical leg:0.005±0.004;nonsurgical leg:0.008±0.004,P=0.015)when compared with the nonsurgical leg.Conclusion:The individuals with ACL reconstruction mainly showed asymmetrical movements in the sagittal and horizontal planes.The surgical leg demonstrated a smaller peak knee flexion angle,knee extension moment,and knee external rotation moment,with greater knee external rotation angle.