铜陵市1318名体检人员乙型肝炎病毒感染情况及疫苗接种率调查

Investigation on hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination rate among 1318 medical examiners in Tongling City

目的对铜陵市1318名体检人员乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况及疫苗接种率进行调查分析。方法随机抽取铜陵市人民医院2023年1月至2023年12月体检中心接收的体检人员共计1318名,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)、HBV表面抗体(HBsAb)、HBV核心抗体(HBcAb),采用问卷调查乙肝疫苗(HepB)接种率。结果1318名体检人员中,HBsAg阳性率为1.82%(24/1318),HBsAb阳性率为59.03%(778/1318),HBcAb阳性率为0.61%(8/1318),HBV感染率为0.76%(10/1318),HepB接种率为98.25%(1210/1318);1~4岁、5~14岁、15~29岁、30~69年龄组的HepB接种率为99.36%、98.61%、64.81%、39.57%,HBsAg阳性率为0.00%、0.35%、1.85%、2.98%;HBsAb阳性率为88.46%、76.04%、60.00%、42.88%;HBcAb阳性率为2.56%、3.82%、15.56%、30.46%,差异均有统计学意义(Z=12.644,3.067,2.103,10.495,10.806,P<0.05);城镇人群HBsAg阳性率低于农村人群,HBsAb阳性率及HepB接种率均高于农村人群,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.632,8.685,6.783,P<0.05);在有、无HepB免疫史及HepB免疫史不详的群体中,有HepB免疫史的群体HBsAg阳性率最低,HBsAb阳性率最高,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.722,3.081,P<0.05);经多因素Logistics回归得出有乙肝家族史、拔牙史及侵入性诊疗史均是影响HBV发生的独立危险因素(OR=1.781,1.793,1.784,P<0.05)。结论铜陵市1318名体检人员HBsAg阳性率携带率低,需注意重点扫描有拔牙史、乙肝家族史及侵入性诊疗史人群并加强HepB预防接种,以进一步提高铜陵市全体人民免疫水平。

Objective To investigate and analyze the hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and vacci-nation rate among 1318 medical examiners in Tongling City.Methods A total of 1318 physical examination personnel were randomly selected from the Preventive Medicine Department of Tongling People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023.HBV surface antigen(HBsAg),HBV surface antibody(HBsAb)and HBV core antibody(HBcAb)were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The coverage rate of the hepatitis B vaccine(HepB)was investigated through a questionnaire.Results Among 1318 subjects,the HBsAg positive rate was 1.82%(24/1318),the HBsAb positive rate was 59.03%(778/1318),the HBcAb positive rate was 0.61%(8/1318),and the HBV infection rate was 0.76%(10/1318).The HepB vaccination rate was 98.25%(1210/1318).In different age groups,the HepB vaccination rates for 1~4 years old,5~14 years old,15~29 years old,and 30~69 years old were 99.36%,98.61%,64.81%and 39.57%,respectively.The positive rates of HBsAg were 0.00%,0.35%,1.85%and 2.98%.The positive rates of HBsAb were 88.46%,76.04%,60.00%and 42.88%.The positive rates of HBcAb were 2.56%,3.82%,15.56%and 30.46%.HBV infection rates were 2.56%,3.82%,15.93%,and 31.79%,with statistical significance(Z=12.644,3.067,2.103,10.495,10.806,P<0.05).The positive rate of HBsAg in the urban population was lower than that in the rural population,and the positive rate of HBsAb and HepB vaccination rate were higher in the rural popula-tion,with statistical significance(χ^(2)=5.632,8.685,6.783,P<0.05).Among populations with and without a HepB immunization history,and those with unknown HepB immunization history,the positive rate of HBsAg was the lowest and the positive rate of HBsAb was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=3.722,3.081,P<0.05).According to multi-factor logistic regression,a family history of hepatitis B,his-tory of tooth extraction and history of invasive diagnosis and treatment were all independent risk factors for HBV occurrence(OR=1.781,1.793,1.784,P<0.05).Conclusion The positive rate of HBsAg among 1318 physical examination personnel in Tongling City is low.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on screening indi-viduals with a history of dental extraction,a family history of hepatitis B,and a history of invasive diagnosis and treatment.Additionally,it is important to strengthen HepB vaccination,in order to further improve the im-munization level of all residents in Tongling City.