明儒郝敬的《仪礼》学研究

On the Study of The Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial by the Confucian Scholar Hao Jing

明儒郝敬对《仪礼》的诠释实有反思明清礼学转型这一课题的重要意义。立足“灵境独照”的诠释范式,郝敬表达他对旧有学术典范的质疑,就三礼关系、礼理关系提出新看法,反映明人治礼的怀疑精神。为回应心学末流纵情恣欲的礼学观,郝敬以经学为基础彰显情与礼的关系,显豁圣人因情治礼的理念,为学术发展指明实学方向。“礼义”为郝敬阐发礼学精神的重要支点。通过“礼由义起”的思考模式,郝氏反思《仪礼》文本存在拘泥礼目、详略不当等问题。郝敬诠释《仪礼》呈现出心学与礼学的交涉,着力规划礼学发展的方向,构建出明清礼学转型的另一种叙事,反映出明清学术丰富的思想形态。

Hao Jing(1557-1639),a Confucian scholar in the Ming Dynasty,annotated The Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial,which contains understanding it with Heart-mind Theory,and is of great significance to reflect on the transformation of the ritual study between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.Based on the interpretation para⁃digm of"Silent divine meeting",Hao Jing expressed his doubts about the old academic model,and put forward new views on the relationship among the three rites and the relationship between rites and principles,reflecting the skepti⁃cism of the rule of rites in the Ming Dynasty.In order to respond to Heart-mind Theory,Hao Jing demonstrated the relationship between affection and ceremony based on the Confucian classics,showed the idea of sages governing cer⁃emony based on affection,and pointed out the practical direction for academic development."Etiquette and righteousness"was an important fulcrum for Hao Jing to elucidate the spirit of rites.Through the thinking mode of"etiquette starts from righteousness",Hao reflected that the text of The Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial had some problems,such as sticking to the etiquette and not being detailed.Hao Jing’s interpretation of The Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial showed the negotiation between Heart-mind Theory and ritual study,focused on the development of ritual study,constructed another narrative of the transformation of the study of rites between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty,and reflected the rich ideological form of the academic.