4个鲜食葡萄品种在河南新乡地区的引种表现与栽培技术

Performance and Cultivation Techniques of Four Table Grape Varieties Introduced to Xinxiang Region

为丰富河南新乡地区的葡萄品种资源,筛选适合该地区栽培的鲜食葡萄品种,2012年从新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所引进4个欧亚种品种‘新雅’、‘新郁’、‘火州紫玉’和‘火州黑玉’,2021-2023年对盛果期的这4个品种进行了物候期、植物学性状、果实性状观察与测定,以期为进一步的生产推广应用提供参考依据。结果表明:‘新雅’生长势较强,3月下旬开始萌芽,5月上旬开花,6月下旬至7月上旬转色,8月底至9月初成熟,果穗分支圆锥形,平均穗质量840 g,果实红色,长椭圆形,平均单粒质量11.8 g,脆肉,有核,可溶性固形物含量16.4%;‘新郁’生长势强,与‘新雅’同时期萌芽、开花和果实转色,9月上旬成熟,果穗分支圆锥形,平均穗质量1760 g,果实红色,长椭圆形,平均单粒质量13.8 g,肉较脆,有核,可固含量16.3%;‘火州紫玉’生长势强,3月下旬萌芽,5月上旬开花,7月上旬果实开始转色,8月中下旬成熟,果穗圆锥形,平均穗质量1430 g,果实粉红色,椭圆形,平均单粒质量4.8 g,脆肉,无核,可固含量15.6%;‘火州黑玉’生长势中庸,3月下旬萌芽,5月上旬开花,6月下旬转色,7月底成熟,果穗双歧肩圆锥形,平均穗质量610 g,果实黑色,椭圆形,平均单粒质量3.2 g,肉较脆,有核,可固含量17.6%。晚熟、大粒品种‘新雅’和‘新郁’适宜在河南新乡地区发展设施栽培,而‘火州紫玉’和‘火州黑玉’不适于发展。筛选出的2个品种对于调整新乡地区葡萄产业结构具有重要意义。

To enrich the variety of table grapes in the Xinxiang region of Henan Province and to identify suitable varieties for cultivation,four Eurasian grape varieties,‘Xinya’,‘Xinyu’,‘Huozhouziyu’,and‘Huozhouheiyu’,were introduced from the Research Institute of Grapes and Melons in Xinjiang Uygur Autono-mous Region in 2012.From 2021 to 2023,observations and measurements were conducted on the phenology,botanical traits,and fruit characteristics of these four varieties during their peak fruit-bearing periods in the Xinxiang region.The aim was to provide a reference for further production and application.The results showed that‘Xinya’exhibited strong growth potential,beginning to sprout in late March,flowering in early May,chan-ging color from late June to early July,and maturing from late August to early September.The clusters were con-ical,with an average weight of 840 g.The berries were red,long oval in shape,with an average single berry weight of 11.8 g.The flesh was crisp and contained seeds,with a soluble solids content of 16.4%.‘Xinyu’also showed strong growth potential,with sprouting,flowering,and color change occurring simultaneously with‘Xin-ya’,and maturing in early September.The clusters were conical,with an average weight of 1760 g.The berries were red,long oval in shape,with an average single berry weight of 13.8 g.The flesh was crisp and seeded,with a soluble solids content of 16.3%.‘Huozhouziyu’exhibited strong growth potential as well,sprouting in late March,flowering in early May,changing color in early July,and maturing in mid to late August.The clus-ters were conical,with an average weight of 1430 g.The berries were purple,oval in shape,with an average single berry weight of 4.8 g.The flesh was crisp and seedless,with a soluble solids content of 15.6%.‘Huozhouheiyu’demonstrated moderate growth potential,sprouting in late March,flowering in early May,changing color in late June,and maturing at the end of July.The clusters were conical,with an average weight of 610 g.The berries were black,oval in shape,with an average single berry weight of 3.2 g.The flesh was crisp and seeded,with a soluble solids content of 17.6%.The late-maturing,large-berry varieties‘Xinya’and‘Xinyu’are well-suited for facility cultivation in the Xinxiang area of Henan Province,while‘Huozhouziyu’and‘Huozhouheiyu’are not recommended for development.The selection of these two varieties is of great sig-nificance for the restructuring of the grape industry in the Xinxiang region.