饲用小黑麦与豆科作物混作生产性能及饲用品质分析

Analysis of performance and quality of forage triticale mixed with leguminous crops

为寻求适于青海省农牧交错区推广的高产优质禾豆混作饲草生产模式,本研究以小黑麦(×Triticale Wittmack)、饲用蚕豆(Vicia faba)、饲用豌豆(Pisum sativum)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)和毛苕子(Vicia villosa)为研究对象,对小黑麦和4种豆科作物单作及不同比例混作下的物候期、株高、生产性能和饲用品质进行综合分析。结果表明:小黑麦与豆科作物混作,显著影响豆科作物物候期和株高(P<0.05),对小黑麦物候期和株高无显著影响(P>0.05);M处理(小黑麦150 kg·hm^(−2)+箭筈豌豆150 kg·hm^(−2))的总干重达8500.4 kg·hm^(−2),显著高于其他处理,其混作优势较强。混作处理的粗蛋白与小黑麦单作间无显著差异,而粗脂肪、可溶性糖、粗纤维、无氮浸出物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量大多表现为混作处理高于小黑麦单作;通过主成分分析、隶属函数分析综合评价得出小黑麦与豆科作物最优混作组合和最佳混作播量为小黑麦150 kg·hm^(−2)+箭筈豌豆150 kg·hm^(−2),可在青海省农牧交错区推广试用,以期为农牧交错区优质饲草高效生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。

The aim of this study was to find a high-yield and high-quality forage production model for mixed crops of grass and legumes suitable for promotion in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province.This study was performed to analyze the forage production model of×Triticale Wittmack,Vicia faba,Pisum sativum,Vicia sativa,and Vicia villosa under mono-cropping and different proportions of mixed cropping.The results showed that mixing rye with legume crops significantly affected legume crop phenology and plant height(P<0.05)and had no significant effects on rye phenology and plant height(P>0.05).The total dry weight after M treatment(×Triticale Wittmack 150 kg·ha^(−1)+V.sativa 150 kg·ha−1)was 8500.4 kg·ha^(−1),which was significantly higher than the other treatments and with a stronger mixing advantage.No significant differences in crude protein were observed between the mixed crop treatments and small rye monocrop,whereas crude fat,soluble sugar,crude fiber,nitrogen-free leachate,neutral detergent fiber,and acid detergent fiber contents were mostly higher in the mixed crop treatments than in the small rye monocrop.The optimal mixing combination of wheat and legume crops and optimal sowing rate of mixing were obtained using a comprehensive evaluation with principal component analysis and affiliation function analysis:×Triticale Wittmack 150 kg·ha^(−1)+V.sativa 150 kg·ha^(−1),as evaluated using the affiliation function analysis.It can be popularized and used in the intertwined agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province,to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient production of high-quality forage in the agricultural and pastoral intertwined areas.