食源性碳水化合物结构解析新技术前沿与展望

Frontiers and Prospects of New Technologies for Structural Analysis of Food-Derived Carbohydrates

碳水化合物不仅为人类提供主要能量来源,还具有维持肠道健康,调节血糖和胆固醇水平,促进新陈代谢,调节免疫系统等重要功能。食源性多糖是一类具有重要生物活性和健康功效的碳水化合物。近年来,探究食源性碳水化合物的精准构效关系成为重要的科学问题。然而,与基因组学和蛋白质组学相比,食源性碳水化合物固有的结构多样性和复杂性给其研究带来了重大挑战,已远落后于蛋白和脂质大分子的研究。基于此,在经典的糖链解析方法基础上,重点阐述质谱联用技术在食源性糖链解析方面的突破,并探讨最新的基于人工智能的数据处理方法和分析技术在食源性糖链质谱解析中的应用。本综述旨在帮助读者更深入地了解食源性碳水化合物的新型结构解析策略,并对高通量、精准的食源性糖生物信息学的未来趋势进行展望。

Carbohydrates not only provide the main source of energy for humans,but also have important functions such as maintaining intestinal health,regulating blood sugar and cholesterol levels,promoting metabolism,and supporting the immune system.Therefore,exploring the precise structure-activity relationship of foodborne carbohydrates has become an important scientific problem.However,compared to genomics and proteomics,the inherent structural diversity and complexity of foodborne carbohydrates pose a major challenge to their study,which lags far behind that of proteins and lipid macromolecules.Based on this,this review focuses on the breakthrough of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry(LC-MS),ion mobility mass spectrometry(IM-MS) and low-temperature infrared spectroscopy in the analysis of foodborne sugar chains on the basis of classical sugar chain analysis methods,and further discusses the application of the latest computer processing methods and analysis techniques in the analysis of foodborne sugar chain.This review not only aims to gain a deeper understanding of strategies for foodborne carbohydrate analysis,but also looks at future trends leading to high-throughput,accurate foodborne sugar bioinformatics.