益生菌联合酵母抽提物对女足运动员身体成分及肠道微生物组的影响

Effect of Probiotics Combined with Yeast Extract on Body Composition and Gut Microbiome of Female Soccer Players

为探究女足运动员常规训练期间益生菌联合酵母抽提物对其身体成分及肠道微生物组的影响,以42名女足运动员为对象,开展一项为期42 d的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照实验。在第0,21和42天收集女运动员的身体成分数据和粪便样本进行宏基因组研究。结果显示:相较于对照组,干预组运动员左下肢节段和右上肢节段的肌肉量分别显著提升6.99%和6.92%,躯干骨质水平提升5.48%,同时腰臀比降低4.13%。通过比较两组运动员干预期间的肠道微生物组,观察到基于9种微生物和16种功能的肠道微生物组的变化,具体表现为动物双歧杆菌和唾液链球菌丰度等有益菌丰度的增加,副流感嗜血杆菌和粪便罗斯拜瑞氏菌等潜在有害菌以及磷酸丙糖异构酶抗体、脯氨酰-tRNA合成酶和大亚基核糖体等功能特征的减少。关联分析表明,益生菌联合酵母抽提物通过调节动物双歧杆菌的丰度,增加运动员的躯干骨质,降低腰臀比;通过调节唾液链球菌的丰度,增加运动员的右上肢肌肉量,同时通过下调小亚基核糖体蛋白S13,进一步降低腰臀比。本研究揭示益生菌联合酵母抽提物通过调控肠道微生物组稳态促进女足运动员健康的潜在机制,为个性化微生态制剂的开发提供了循证依据。

To investigate the impact of probiotics combined with yeast extract on the body composition and gut microbiome of female soccer players during routine training,a 42-day randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 42 athletes.Body composition data and fecal samples were collected on days 0,21,and 42 for metagenomic analysis.The results indicated significant increases in muscle mass in the lower left leg and upper right arm segments by 6.99% and 6.92% respectively at day 21,and a 5.48% increase in trunk bone mass,while the waist-tohip ratio decreased by 4.13% at day 42 in the intervention group compared to the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiome revealed changes in microbial composition and function,characterized by increased abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium animalis and Streptococcus salivarius,and decreased presence of potentially harmful bacteria like Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Roseburia faecis,along with reductions in phosphoglycerate mutase antibodies,prolyl-tRNA synthetase,and large subunit ribosomal proteins.Correlation analysis indicated that the combined supplement of probiotics and yeast extract enhanced trunk bone mass and reduced waist-to-hip ratios by modulating the abundance of Bifidobacterium animalis,increased upper right arm muscle mass through Streptococcus salivarius,and further reduced waist-to-hip ratios through the downregulation of small subunit ribosomal protein S13.These findings reveal the potential mechanisms by which probiotics and yeast extract regulate the stability of the gut microbiome to promote health in female soccer players and provide evidence-based support for the development of personalized microecological preparations.