海外人才的跨国流动模式及对其回流后职业发展的影响———基于上海市的实证分析

Transnational Mobility Patterns of Overseas Talents from China and Their Impact on Career Development upon Returning——Anempirical Analysis Based on Shanghai

本研究立足于2021年上海市基本侨情调查数据,从人才流动的周期性视角出发,综合考虑个人家庭特征、流动动因以及流动的时空经历等多维度因素,构建海外人才跨国流动模式与其回流后职业发展关系的分析框架。研究发现:①海外人才的跨国流动模式主要表现为“出国留学(工作)—回国就业(定居)”的一次性返迁模式和“国外定居‘落户’—回国就业(创业)”的跨国循环模式两大类;②职业驱动的跨国流动原因对人才回流后的职业发展有显著影响,应重视人才流动前后期阶段的连续性以及个体的主观流动策略;③人才回流后的职业发展与国外居住时长存在“倒U形”关系,与回国时长呈先上升后下降的关系。基于以上发现,本文提出一系列优化海外引才及促进回流人才成长发展的政策建议。

In the globalization era,the dynamics of talent transnational mobility characterized by its multidirectionality,interactivity,and personalization have diversified.Drawing on the 2021 Shanghai Overseas Chinese Survey,starting from the cyclical perspective of talent mobility,this paper develops an analytical framework to explore the nexus between overseas talents transnational mobility patterns and their post-return career development in China,incorporating dimensions such as individual and family characteristics,motivations for mobility,and spatiotemporal experiences.Findings reveal the followings.①Predominant patterns of transnational mobility among Chinese overseas talents,including a one-time return migration following studies or work abroad and a cyclical pattern involving settling abroad before returning for employment or entrepreneurship;②A significant impact of career-driven mobility on post-return career development,underscoring the need for acknowledging the continuity across pre-and post-mobility phases and individual mobility strategies;③An“inverted U-shape”relationship between talents career development post-return and their duration of overseas residence,with a subsequent rise and fall in correlation with the length of return to China.Based on the findings above,this paper proposes a series of policy recommendations for optimizing the attraction of overseas talents and facilitating the growth and development of returning talents.