高职院校培养新型职业农民的实践探索及其路径优化

Practice Exploration and Path Optimization of Cultivating New Vocational Farmers in Higher Vocational Colleges

培养新型职业农民是助力乡村人力资源开发,服务农业农村现代化发展的有力举措。高职院校在新型职业农民培养上具有独特优势,并在实践探索中形成了“定制+协同”“学历+技能”“校园+田园”“中职+高职”等培养模式,同时也面临着政策制度缺位导致参与力度不大、培训供需错位导致培养效能不足、主体协同不畅导致培养效果欠佳等育人困境。基于此,尝试从四个方面优化高职院校参与新型职业农民培养的路径:建章立制,健全高职院校培养新型职业农民的制度体系;供需对接,完善高职院校培养新型职业农民的培训体系;多元协同,强化新型职业农民培育的多方联动机制;产教融合,创新高职院校培养新型职业农民的育人途径。

Cultivating new vocational farmers is a powerful measure to improve the development of rural human resources and serve the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.Higher vocational colleges have unique advantages in the cultivation of new vocational farmers,and have formed training models such as“customization+collaboration”,“education+skills”,“campus+countryside”,and“secondary vocational+higher vocational”in practical exploration.At the same time,it also face educational difficulties such as insufficient participation due to the lack of policies and systems,insufficient training efficiency due to the mismatch between supply and demand,and poor training effectiveness due to poor coordination among subjects.Based on this,this study attempt to optimize the path for higher vocational colleges to participate in the training of new vocational farmers from four aspects:establishing regulations and systems,and improving the institutional system for higher vocational colleges to cultivate new vocational farmers;matching supply and demand to improve the training system for higher vocational colleges to cultivate new vocational farmers;collaborating in multiple aspects to strengthen the multi-party linkage mechanism for cultivating new vocational farmers;integrating industry and education to innovate ways of cultivating new types of higher vocational farmers by vocational college.