刻板印象威胁对负性基本情绪和自我意识情绪的影响

Effect of stereotype threats on negative basic and self-conscious emotions

目的:考察刻板印象威胁对大学生负性基本情绪和自我意识情绪的影响。方法:以性别-数学刻板印象威胁为威胁情境,招募非数学和非心理学专业的女大学生。实验1(n=162)操纵刻板印象威胁,实验2依据多重威胁框架分别操纵自我概念威胁(实验2a,n=143)和群体概念威胁(实验2b,n=146),并测量负性基本情绪(愤怒/易怒、恐惧)和自我意识情绪(羞耻、内疚)。结果:刻板印象威胁组(均P<0.05)的负性基本情绪和自我意识情绪得分高于无刻板印象威胁组(均P<0.05),自我概念威胁组的负性基本情绪和自我意识情绪得分高于无自我概念威胁组(均P<0.05),群体概念威胁组的负性基本情绪和自我意识情绪得分均低于无群体概念威胁组(均P<0.05)。结论:本研究提示刻板印象威胁情绪效应可能会因威胁类型而存有差异。

Objective:To examine the effect of stereotype threats on negative basic and self-conscious emotions among university students.Methods:Using gender-mathematics stereotype threat as the threatening scenario, this research recruited female university students who were not majoring in mathematics or psychology.Experiment 1(n=162) manipulated stereotype threat, while Experiment 2 manipulated self-concept threat(Experiment 2a, n=143) and group-concept threat(Experiment 2b, n=146),respectively, based on the multi-threat framework.Negative basic emotions(anger/irritable, fear) and self-conscious emotions(shame, guilt) were assessed.Results:Participants in the stereotype threat group demonstrated higher scores in negative basic and self-conscious emotions compared to those in the non-stereotype threat group(Ps<0.05).Individuals in the self-concept threat group exhibited higher scores in negative basic and self-conscious emotions than those in the no self-concept threat group(Ps<0.05).Individuals in the group-concept threat group displayed lower scores in negative basic and self-conscious emotions compared to those in the no group-concept threat group(Ps<0.05).Conclusion:This study suggests that the emotional effects of stereotype threat may vary depending on the type of threat.