粤港澳大湾区规则衔接的实践审视与路径优化

Practical Review and Pathway Optimization of the Interface of Rules in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

粤港澳大湾区建设具有双重意涵和定位,在经济层面旨在实现要素高效有序流动,同时型构动态综合体系化的三圈层法治秩序。《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》发布五年来,规则衔接从多个维度出发,综合运用多种方式于多个领域内逐渐铺开,初步打破地区间壁垒,但仍存在未实质性打破行政壁垒、衔接缺乏融贯性、各地协同性不足,以及要素流动全链条衔接和湾区法治体系全面建构不足的问题,其根本原因为湾区间法治体系差异较大,主要原因是统筹协调不足导致规则衔接顶层设计缺失,直接原因则是体制机制不健全制约规则衔接的实效。粤港澳大湾区建设迈入纵深发展新阶段,宏观上应当以宪法为统领构筑湾区法治秩序,中观上应以全要素有序流动为具体标准构建规则衔接体系,并依托体制改革和微观机制创新达致规则衔接的根本突破。

The construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has dual connotations and positioning,aiming to achieve efficient and orderly flow of factors at the economic level and form a dynamic and comprehensive three-tier legal order.In the past five years since the release of the Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,the interface of rules has been gradually rolled out in various fields from multiple dimensions,initially breaking down barriers between regions.However,there are still problems such as not substantially breaking down administrative barriers,lack of coherence in the interface of rules,lack of coordination among different regions,and insufficient linkage of the whole chain of factor flows and the construction of the rule of law system in the Greater Bay Area.The fundamental reason is that the rule of law systems of Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao are quite different.The main reason is that the lack of overall planning and coordination leads to the disorderly interface of rules,and the direct reason is that the imperfect system and mechanism restrict the effectiveness of the interface of rules.As the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has entered a new stage of in-depth development,the rule of law in the Greater Bay Area should be built under the guidance of the Constitution at the macro level,the orderly flow of all elements should be established as the specific standard at the medium level,and a fundamental breakthrough in the rule interface should be achieved by relying on system reform and micro-mechanism innovation.