现代化生态型灌区建设思考

Studies on construction of modernized ecological irrigation districts

灌区在保障国家粮食安全和重要农产品稳定安全供给中发挥着至关重要的作用。灌区是一个复杂的生态系统与社会系统,涵盖山、水、林、田、湖、草、沙等多个要素,随着新时代生态文明建设实践的深入,灌区生态问题与灌区高质量发展受到广泛关注。在总结近30年我国生态型灌区内涵发展的基础上,提出生态型灌区应该是高产高效、生态健康、经济效益显著、社会和谐发展的新型灌区。总结了我国生态型灌区评价指标体系的动态变化特征,结合新需求、新要求和新理念,从灌区工程建设标准、生态友好性、资源利用、农田内部生境以及与周边生态的协调性等多个方面进行综合考量,重构了现代化生态型灌区相关评价指标体系。针对生态型灌区建设与运行认知、总体规划、规范标准、建设范式、科技与人才以及管护与跟踪评价面临的挑战,从更新和完善建设理念与评价体系、科学制定相关标准与规划、加强科技研发和人才培养、完善规划建设与运行管理体制机制、拓宽投融资渠道等方面,提出生态型灌区高质量发展建议。

Irrigation districts are crucial in safeguarding national food security and ensuring the stable supply of key agricultural products.Irrigation districts represent complex ecosystems and social systems,encompassing elements such as mountains,water,forests,farmland,lakes,grasslands,and sand.With the deepening of ecological civilization in the new era,issues related to ecology and the high-quality development of irrigation districts have attracted great attention.Summarizing the development of ecological-type irrigation districts in China over the past 30 years,it is proposed that a modern irrigation district should feature high yield and efficiency,ecological health,significant economic benefits,and harmonious social development.After reviewing the dynamic changes in the evaluation index system for ecological irrigation districts,considering new demands,new requirements,and new ideas,and considering construction standards,ecological friendliness,resource utilization,internal habitats of farmland,and coordination with surrounding ecosystems,this paper redefines the evaluation index system for modern ecological irrigation districts.To address the challenges related to the construction,operation,overall planning,standards,construction paradigms,scientific research,talent development,and management and evaluation,the paper proposes recommendations for the high-quality development of ecological irrigation districts,including updating and improving construction concepts and evaluation systems,scientifically formulating standards and plans,enhancing scientific research and talent development,improving planning and management mechanisms,and broadening investment and financing channels.