广西崇左江西岸遗址人类的生存方式

Human subsistence strategy of the Jiangxi’an site in Chongzuo,Guangxi

极端气候环境事件及其引起的早期人类经济模式转变是过去全球变化领域的热点问题,然而,目前针对9200 BP气候事件对史前人类行为方式的影响一直缺乏研究。广西是珠江流域的重要区域之一,具有独特的植被、气候和环境背景,既是史前人群迁徙和文化交流的重点地区,也是应对气候突变和气候事件的理想避难所,是人类生存方式和环境适应研究的难得实验场。本文基于AMS 14C年代学以及植硅体与孢粉等微体遗存记录,对广西崇左江西岸遗址新石器时代文化的气候环境背景与生业经济模式进行分析。研究表明,广西江西岸遗址新石器时代地层的年代为9300-9100 BP;在9200 BP气候事件中,该遗址周边环境呈现明显的冷干化趋势;该阶段人类可选择的植物资源较少,而地层中则发现了大量的螺壳、蚌壳和水牛、犀牛、象等水生动物与哺乳动物遗骸以及渔猎工具。上述结果表明,广西江西岸遗址的气候在9200 BP时处于冷干期,导致可采集的植物资源减少,因此,江西岸遗址的人类可能选择渔猎方式适应生存。这一研究为深入理解亚洲季风区早全新世重要气候事件与新石器时代文化发展之间的相互作用关系提供了新的思路和线索。

Extreme climate events and the transformation of early human economic patterns have been a hot topic in the field of global change.However,there is a lack of research on the impact of 9200 BP climate events on prehistoric human behavior.Guangxi is one of the important regions in the Pearl River basin.It has a unique geographical landscape pattern and unique vegetation and climate background.It is not only a key area for prehistoric migration and cultural exchange,but also an ideal refuge for dealing with climate change and events.It is a rare experimental field for studying human survival patterns and environmental adaptation.Due to factors such as humid and hot climate and acidic soil in Guangxi region,the preservation of organic matter remains is poor.And the morphological characteristics of phytoliths are significant,with important characteristics such as corrosion resistance and easy preservation.Phytolith analysis has become an important and effective research method for obtaining plant relic information in acidic soil environments in southern China.In addition,pollen analysis can provide important information for reconstructing the environmental background of archaeological sites and has an irreplaceable role.In this paper,based on AMS 14C chronology,phytolith and pollen records,we analyzed the climatic background and economic model of the Neolithic culture at Jiangxi’an site of Chongzuo,Guangxi.Our results show that the Neolithic age of Jiangxi’an site in Guangxi is 9300-9100 BP,and the surrounding environment of the site showed an obvious trend of cooling and drying during the 9200 BP climate event.At that stage of time,plant resources available to humans were reduced,while a large number of snail and mussel shells,and the remains of aquatic animals and mammals such as buffalo,rhinoceros and elephants were found.Rich fishing and hunting tools were found in the strata as well.These results suggested that during the cold and dry period of 9200 BP fishing and hunting might be a better choice for human beings resided on Jiangxi’an site in Guangxi,based on the decrease in the number of collected plant remains.This ecological environment may have prompted foragers to change their adaptation models,reduce their dependence on collection and hunting,and shift towards fishing and hunting.The changes in survival strategies of the early Neolithic population may be closely related to environmental adaptation and changes in activity range.This study provides new ideas and clues for a deeper understanding of the interaction between important climate events in the early Holocene of the Asian monsoon region and cultural development in the Neolithic period.