2022年云南宾川盆地旧石器遗址调查报告

2022 survey report of Paleolithic sites in the Binchuan Basin in Yunnan

2022年9-10月,云南省大理州宾川县旧石器考古调查共发现旧石器遗址33处,采集石制品417件。遗址主要分布于桑园河和炼洞河三级和四级阶地前缘。石制品类型包括石核、石片、石器和断块等,原料以石英正长斑岩为主。更新刃缘石片是石片中的一种特殊类型。石器组合中,以刃缘具有层叠状修疤且刃角较陡的基纳型刮削器为特色,其修理特征与欧洲旧石器时代中期和西亚旧石器时代早期的基纳修理技术相似。本次调查虽未发现石制品的原生地层,但通过与周边已测年的天华洞遗址的石器技术进行比较,初步判断宾川盆地调查发现的旧石器遗址的地质年代可能为晚更新世早中期,确切年代有待今后进一步开展考古发掘和测年工作。宾川盆地发现的具有基纳修理技术的石制品,对于认识该类遗存在中国境内的出现和发展模式,以及中国旧石器时代中期石器技术的多样性和复杂性等问题具有重要意义。

From September to October 2022,a Paleolithic survey was carried out in the Binchuan County,Dali Prefecture,Yunnan Province.In total,33 Paleolithic sites have been discovered during the survey,along with 417 stone artifacts being collected.All sites are located at front edges of the third terraces of Sangyuan River and Liandong River.The types of stone artifacts include flakes,cores,tools and chunks,quartz syenite porphyry was the primary raw material exploited.Resharpening flakes have been identified as a special type in flakes.Scrapers with steep angles and multi-layered scars on the edge are unique,indicating similar retouching features with Quina technology in the European Middle Paleolithic stage.Although the original stratigraphic context for stone artifacts studied in this paper was missing,based on the geomorphological,stratigraphic and technological comparisons with the nearby dated sites of Tianhuadong Cave and Longtan in Heqing County,we suggest that the age of Paleolithic sites found in the Binchuan Basin can be placed into early and middle Late Pleistocene,and the cultural stage belongs to the Middle Paleolithic.The finding of Quina-type stone artifacts in the Binchuan Basin shed important lights for understanding the emergence,development and distributional patterns of such a technology in China.And furthermore,it is significant to refresh our knowledge of the diversity and complexity of lithic technologies in the Chinese Middle Paleolithic.