硅纳米晶的固相合成与表面化学研究进展

Advance in solid-state synthesis and surface chemistry of silicon nanocrystals

硅纳米晶凭借其丰富的自然储量、卓越的稳定性、可调控的化学和物理性质,以及良好的生物相容性,在半导体工业、光电能源转换和生物医药等多个领域占据了难以替代的重要地位.通过可控合成方法来制备具有特殊功能的硅纳米晶及其衍生结构并对材料进行功能化后处理是推动硅基材料在科学理解和应用中取得突破的关键途径.本文基于本课题组最新的研究成果,对硅纳米晶材料的合成、表面化学及应用等方面的技术发展进行了系统梳理.我们基于材料的组分和配体修饰,阐明了相关硅材料化学中的构效关系和共性科学问题,并展示了硅纳米晶在发光器件、低碳技术及生物医药等领域的应用表现.最后,结合自身研究结果的分析,从材料的物理与化学机制、共性规律与普适原理等科学逻辑出发,提出了本领域目前面临的一些挑战,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.

Silicon nanocrystals benefit from natural abundance,remarkable stability,tunable chemical and physical properties,and excellent biocompatibility.These features make them vital in various research and industrial fields,including semiconductor industry,optoelectronic energy conversion,and biomedicine.The preparation of structures with special functions through controllable synthetic approaches and subsequent functionalization of materials are key approaches to advancing the fundamental understanding and applications of silicon nanocrystals.In this paper,we systematically review recent developments in the synthesis,surface chemistry,and applications of silicon nanocrystals based on the latest research findings of our research team.We discuss the brief history of the research on silicon nanocrystals,the structure-property relationships and common scientific issues in silicon materials chemistry,highlighting the applications of silicon nanocrystals in light emission,low-carbon technologies,and the biomedical fields.Finally,we analyze our results to identify current challenges and propose future research focuses on the physical and chemical mechanisms,common principles,and universal reaction rules.