论刑事诉讼程序的整体性原理 对阶段式诉讼构造的反思

The Holistic Principle of Criminal Procedure Reflections on the Phase-based Procedural Structure

我国刑事诉讼程序的运作,强调诉讼阶段独立性、程序分割性、机关主导性,具有鲜明的阶段性构造的特质。阶段性构造是事权分工的权力配置模式在司法领域的体现,强调实践质效的价值导向。但是,刑事诉讼程序的阶段性构造,在真实发现、人权保障以及程序协调发展等方面存在内生性缺陷。本质而言,诉讼活动是一个具有统一目标、统一对象的整体性活动,诉讼阶段仅是对各专门机关办案状态的描述与概括,而不能作为程序建构的目标。为此,需要以整体性程序原理改造当前过度阶段化的诉讼程序:在程序运行上,应坚持以审判为中心的整体化建构;在司法改革层面,落实以政法委为主导的整体性协调机制;在诉讼规则完善方面,以人权保障为宗旨指导法律适用。

The operation of China's criminal procedure emphasizes the independence of different pha-ses,the segmentation of procedures,and the dominance of governmental agencies,characterized by a distinct phase-based structure.This phase-based structure reflects a model of power distribution in the judicial domain that underscores the value orientation towards practical efficiency and effectiveness.However,the phase-based structure of criminal procedure has inherent deficiencies in terms of the dis-covery of truth,protection of human rights,and the coordinated development of procedures.Essentially,litigation is an integrative activity with a unified goal and a unified subject,where the phases of litigation merely describe and summarize the case-handling status of various specialized agencies,rather than ser-ving as the goal of procedural construction.Therefore,it is necessary to reform the current overly seg-mented litigation procedure based on the principles of holistic procedure.In terms of procedural opera-tion,the focus should be on a trial-centered holistic structure.At the level of judicial reform,a holistic coordination mechanism led by the Political and Legal Affairs Commission should be implemented.Re-garding the improvement of litigation rules,the focus should be on human rights protection to refine the application of the law.