浅埋强富水区下绿色高效保水开采技术

Green and efficient water conservation mining technology in shallow and strongly water-rich areas

西部地区煤层资源丰富,开采强度大,传统开采方式容易导致含水层水资源流失,产生严重的缺水问题,因此,研究浅埋强富水区的保水开采技术,通过控制岩层移动保持含水层的稳定性,研发低成本、广适用的保水开采技术和材料,形成浅埋强富水区煤层的绿色高效保水开采体系,实现煤炭开采与水资源保护的双重目标,对保障水资源安全、维护生态平衡和促进经济发展具有重要意义。本文首先分析了保水开采现状与难题,从技术先进性和安全性等方面对现有技术进行了对比,从材料、设备和工艺等方面进行了深入研究,总结并分析了不同技术的适用条件。接着以锦界煤矿为例,依据保水采煤方案和导水裂隙带实测高度,对井田进行区域划分,提出“分区分类治理”的原则,并创新性地提出了采前第四系松散含水层底部隔水层再造技术,形成了有效隔离,实现了煤炭开采与水资源保护的协调发展,保护了自然地貌和地表植被。同时,针对现有综采架后膏体充填不高效,且支架无法做到充填非充填灵活转换的问题,设计提出了一种新型充填非充填两用支架,既可作为同一工作面分段充填、非充填支架两种模式交替使用,又可进行后部支架拆解,安装掩护梁侧护板,满足普通支架使用需求,提高了设备使用效率。最后对采后导水裂隙带裂隙顶部注浆修复改造技术和注浆效果评价进行了总结,以锦界煤矿的应用为例进行了说明,对鄂尔多斯盆地类似条件煤层开采具有广泛指导意义,为煤炭行业的绿色开采提供了重要支持。

The western region is rich in coal seam resources,and the intensity of mining is high.Traditional mining methods can easily lead to the loss of water resources in aquifers,resulting in serious water shortage problems.Therefore,researching water conservation mining technology in shallow-buried strong water-rich areas is of great significance for ensuring water resource safety,maintaining ecological balance,and promoting economic development.By controlling the movement of rock strata to maintain the stability of aquifers,developing cost-effective and widely applicable water conservation mining technologies and materials,a green and efficient three-dimensional water conservation mining system for coal seams in shallow-buried strong water-rich areas can be formed,achieving dual goals of coal mining and water resource protection.This paper first analyzes the current situation and difficulties of water conservation mining,compares existing technologies from aspects of technological advancement and safety,and conducts in-depth research on materials,equipment,and processes,summarizing and analyzing the applicable conditions of different technologies.Then,taking the Jinjie coal mine as an example,based on the water conservation coal mining plan and the actual measured height of the water-conducting fracture zone,the mining field is divided into regions,proposing the principle of “regional classification management”.Innovatively,the paper proposes the technology of remaking the bottom water-blocking layer of the quaternary loose water-rich layer before mining,forming an effective isolation,achieving coordinated development of coal mining and water resource protection,and protecting natural topography and surface vegetation.At the same time,in response to the inefficiency of the current comprehensive mining frame back paste filling and the inability of the support to flexibly switch between filling and non-filling,a new type of filling and non-filling dual-use support is designed and proposed.It can be used as a filling support and can also be used for the disassembly of the rear support,installing the side protection plate of the protective beam,meeting the needs of ordinary support use,and improving the efficiency of equipment use.Finally,the paper summarizes the technology of grouting repair and transformation of the top of the water-conducting fracture zone after mining and the evaluation of grouting effects,and illustrates it with the application of the Jinjie coal mine.It has a wide guiding significance for similar conditions of coal seam mining in the Ordos Basin and provides important support for green mining in the coal industry.