“目的—方式—战略”一体的国家安全情报学人才培养——以美国高校安全情报专业为分析对象

“Purpose-Method-Strategy”Integrated National Security Intelligence Education and Training:Taking the Security Intelligence Major of American Universities as the Analytical Object

[目的/意义]国家安全情报学人才培养模式的演变需与国家情报战略保持一致。美国安全情报专业的培养模式与国家情报战略长期保持了良好的互动关系。剖析其培养模式,对完善情报学学科体系具有重要的理论和现实意义。[方法/过程]以U.S.New专业榜单与CIP课程目录为参考,对选定的20所美国高校安全情报专业课程与教学大纲进行定量分析,探究其院系安排、专业划分及课程设置背后的培养规律;借助Khcoder文本分析工具,对2022年美国《国家安全战略》进行词频分析,援引2023美国《国家情报战略》提出的培养目标,相互印证分析美国安全情报培养模式。结合我国家安全情报学现状,提出国家安全情报学学科培养方案及课程设置。[结果/结论]为适应国家安全的总体需要,美国高校安全情报专业初步形成了“目的—方式—战略”一体的人才培养模式。参考该模式,我国国家安全情报学应以总体国家安全观为战略引领,以差异化培养为“总抓手”。在具体路径上,确立服务情报战略、提升情报工作水平的培养目的。尽快厘清课程体系,完善课程内容,避免陷入概念术语解释的窠臼;围绕培养目的,落实守正与创新并举的培养方案,以学科体系为“导向标”,参考钱学森的学科层级划分理论,推动培养模式的具象化。

[Purpose/significance]The evolution of the training model of the national security intelligence science should be consistent with the national intelligence strategy.The training model of security intelligence specialty in the United States has maintained a good interaction relationship with the national intelligence strategy for a long time.Analyzing its training mode has important theoretical and practical significance to improve the discipline systems of intelligence science.[Method/process]Using U.S.New Major List and CIP course catalog as reference,the courses and teaching syllabuses of security intelligence majors in 20 selected American universities were quantitatively analyzed in order to explore the cultivation rules behind their department arrangements,specialty divisions,and curriculum setting.With the help of Khcoder text analysis tool,the word frequency analysis of the 2022 U.S.National Security Strategy was carried out,and training objectives proposed in the National Intelligence Strategy of the United States in 2023 were cited to verify and analyze the training mode of security intelligence of the United States.Combining with the current situation of national security and intelligence science,this paper puts forward the training plan and curriculum setting path of national security and Intelligence science.[Result/conclusion]In order to meet the overall needs of national security,the intelligence science training model of“purpose-modal-strategy”has been initially formed for security intelligence majors in American universities.Referring to this model,China’s national security intelligence science should take the overall national security concept as the strategic guidance,and the differentiation training as the“general starting point”.In the concrete path,should establish the training purpose of serving intelligence strategy and improving the level of intelligence work.Clarify the curriculum system as soon as possible,improve the curriculum content,and avoid falling into the trap of conceptual terminology interpretation;focusing on the training purpose,implement the training program both integrity and innovation,take the discipline system as the“guiding standard”,and refer to Qian Xuesen’s theory of discipline hierarchy to promote the embodiment of the training model.