轨道车辆空气弹簧刚度试验统型设计与研究

Design and Study of Air Spring Stiffness Test System for Rail Vehicles

为实现轨道车辆空气弹簧静态和动态刚度试验模块化、标准化统型设计目标,对试验统型设计思路进行了分析;设计了一种新型的空气弹簧径向轴向组合密封模块化试验装置,并与传统密封装置进行了对比;重点利用新型装置探究了不同加载速度对刚度的影响,以及受迫和自由这两种不同振动方式对动刚度、阻尼、共振频率、共振倍率的影响。结果表明:统型试验装置能够满足试验要求,且装置数量减少了50%,存放空间缩减了50%,设计效率提高了60%,加载速度对静刚度的影响并不明显,受迫和自由这两种不同振动方式所测试的动态性能数据基本一致。

In order to achieve the design goal of modularization and standardization of static and dynamic stiffness tests of air springs in rail vehicles,the design ideas of test system were analyzed.A new type of modular test device for radial and axial combined seal of air spring was designed,and compared with the traditional sealing device.The influence of different loading speeds on stiffness,as well as the effects of two different vibration modes of forced and free on dynamic stiffness,damping,resonance frequency and resonance magnification were explored by using the new device.The results showed that the test device could meet the test requirements,and the number of devices was reduced by 50%,the storage space was reduced by 50%,the design efficiency was increased by 60%,the loading speed had no obvious effect on the static stiffness,and the dynamic performance data tested by the two different vibration modes of forced and free were basically the same.