政府数据开放收益分配模式探究

Research on the Profits Distribution Model of Government Data Openness

政府数据无偿开放实践已然不可持续,必须探索新的数据开放收益分配模式。就数据价值链来看,政府作为数据持有者和数据来源者的代表理应参与数据开放收益的分享。而在此基础上,政府数据开放收益分配还需受到不同数据开放方式属性特征的规范和约束。基于此,政府数据开放的收益分配应同时采取如下三种模式:一是无条件开放的政府数据作为普惠性公共服务,可由全体纳税人负担数据开放成本,应当无偿开放;二是有条件开放的政府数据作为非普惠性公共服务,需遵循受益者负担的基本原理,应当通过设定行政收费的方式收取数据开放的成本费用;三是授权运营的政府数据作为国有资产运营,内含数据资产增值的价值目标,应当基于授权运营协议实施营利收费。

The free openness of government data is no longer sustainable,and it is necessary to ex-plore new profits distribution models for data opening.From the perspective of the data value chain,the government,as a representative of data holders and data sources,should participate in the sharing of da-ta openness benefits.At the same time,the distribution of government data openness benefits still needs to be regulated and constrained by the characteristics of different data openness methods.Based on this,the distribution of profits from government data openness should adopt the following three modes simulta-neously:firstly,unconditionally open government data as an inclusive public service,the cost of data openness can be borne by all taxpayers thus it should be opened for free;Secondly,conditionally open government data as a non-inclusive public service,it needs to follow the basic principle of beneficiary burden,therefore the cost of data opening should be charged through the establishment of administrative fees;Thirdly,the authorized operation of the government data is operated as state-owned assets,which contains the value goal of data asset appreciation,and should be charged for profit through authorized op-eration agreements.