反思司法数据公开:类型、矛盾及化解

Rethinking Judicial Data Disclosure:Types,Contradictions and Resolution

数字技术促使传统物理空间中的司法公开演变成一种以数据为主要载体的司法数据公开,不同类型的司法数据公开其实承载多元价值取向。然而,宽泛的司法数据似乎陷入了一种公开抑或不公开都会面临问题的矛盾处境:一方面,司法数据公开与个人隐私权可能产生矛盾,地方司法机关不仅未获得司法数据公开的收益,而且还要承担司法数据公开的风险;另一方面,司法数据公开的矛盾、冲突会衍生出反司法数据公开现象,这会加深“司法数据资源鸿沟”与“司法数据分析鸿沟”,加剧“数据垄断”与“算法黑箱”的形成。最终导致控辩地位的失衡,并阻碍司法人工智能技术的研发与使用。未来,应当推动司法数据资源的理性开放。根据司法数据的类型确定公开方式,推动数据的分级、分类公开。采用绩效奖惩与责任豁免机制来平衡司法数据公开的风险和收益,合理规范数据使用行为。

Digital technology has led to the evolution of judicial disclosure in the traditional physical space into a kind of judicial data disclosure with data as the main carrier.Different types of judicial data disclosure in fact carry multiple values.However,broad judicial data seems to be stuck in a paradoxical situation where both public and private disclosure are problematic:on the one hand,the disclosure of judicial data and the individual's right to privacy may be in conflict,as may the benefits of disclosure and the risks of data disclosure by local jurisdictions;On the other hand,the contradiction and conflict of judicial data disclosure will give rise to the phenomenon of anti-judicial data disclosure,which will deepen the"judicial data resource divide"and"judicial data analysis divide",and exacerbate the formation of"data monopoly"and"algorithmic black box".This ultimately leads to an imbalance between the prosecution and the defense,and hinders the development and use of judicial AI technology.In the future,rational openness of judicial data resources should be promoted.The mode of disclosure should be determined according to the type of judicial data,and the disclosure of data should be promoted on a graded and categorized basis.Performance rewards and penalties and liability exemption mechanisms should be adopted to balance the risks and benefits of judicial data disclosure and to rationally standardize data-use behaviors.