近代法国的司法改革与诉讼率变化

Ordinary People as Litigants in Eighteenyth-Century France,or How to Doublethe Number of Lawsuits Overnight by Making Courts More Accessible

在近代早期欧洲,尽管司法系统在理论上为民众提供了解决纠纷的途径,但实际上,高昂的费用和复杂的程序限制了他们诉诸司法的能力。简化法律程序和降低费用是满足民众司法需求的关键。近代早期欧洲计算诉讼率的复杂性因书面和口头程序的不同而凸显。法国大革命期间引入的改革旨在解决民众的司法需求得不到满足的问题,但其影响因地区和实施的具体改革而异。通过简化程序减少诉讼费用极大地增加了诉讼数量,这表明法律障碍曾限制了人们诉诸司法的机会。近代早期欧洲在制度和司法方面的多样性,以及17、18世纪管理者和立法者在改善司法救助方面的兴趣,表明了法律改革与社会需求之间复杂的相互作用。虽然从16世纪到18世纪,一些地区的诉讼量有所减少,但要了解整个欧洲更广泛的诉讼模式,还需要进一步的研究。

In early modern Europe,while the justice system in theory provides people with access to dispute resolution,in practice,high costs and complex procedures limit their ability to access justice.Simplifying legal procedures and reducing costs are key to meeting the ordinary people's demand for justice.The complexity of calculating litigation rates in early modern Europe was highlighted by the differences between written and oral proceedings.Reforms introduced during the French Revolution aimed to address the unmet need for justice among the ordinary people,but their impact varied by region and the specific reforms implemented.The reduction of litigation costs through simplified procedures greatly increased the number of lawsuits,suggesting that legal barriers had limited access to justice.The institutional and judicial diversity of early modern Europe and the interest of administrators and legislators in improving access to justice in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries illustrate the complex interplay between legal reforms and societal needs.While litigation declined in some areas from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries,further research is needed to understand broader patterns of litigation across Europe.