水溶性复合肥对大棚西瓜生长、品质和产量的影响

Effect of Water-soluble Compound Fertilizer on the Growth,Quality and Yield of Watermelon in Greenhouse

针对当前新疆地区西瓜肥料利用效率低问题,探究水溶性复合肥对西瓜生理性状及经济效益的影响,从而推选最优的施肥方案。通过大棚试验,设置T1、T2、T3、T4、T5(CK)(分别为当地常规施肥量的50%、100%、150%、200%及当地常规施肥)5种施肥处理,探究水溶性复合肥施入量对西瓜生长、品质和产量的影响,并利用TOPSIS法对施肥方案进行综合评价优选。西瓜生长指标、产量、品质随水溶性复合肥施入量增加呈抛物线趋势,其中T2处理植株长势旺盛显著高于其他处理,西瓜地上部植株生物量T2处理相比T5(CK)处理显著提高26.43%。在果实形态、品质和产量方面,果形指数、边际总可溶性固形物质量分数、果实含水率、产量以T2处理最大,可溶性糖、维生素C总量、瓜心总可溶性固形物质量分数以T3处理最大,中边差以T2处理最小,且T2处理利润最高为19.19万元/hm^(2)。采用TOPSIS-熵权法得到不同处理由好到差依次为:T2、T4、T1、T3、T5(CK)。在本试验条件下,适宜西瓜生长的施肥处理为T2,该研究可为新疆地区设施西瓜优质生产提供科学依据。

In response to the low fertilizer utilization efficiency in watermelon production in Xinjiang,this study explores the impact of watersoluble compound fertilizer on the physiological characteristics and economic benefits of watermelon,aiming to select the optimal fertilization plan.Through greenhouse experiments,five fertilization treatments(T1,T2,T3,T4,T5(CK))(50%,100%,150%,200%and local conventional fertilization)were set up to explore the effects of water-soluble compound fertilizer application on watermelon growth,quality,and yield.The TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate and optimize the fertilization scheme.The growth indicators,yield,and quality of watermelon showed a parabolic trend with the increasing rate of water-soluble compound fertilizer application.Among them,the T2 treatment significantly outperformed other treatments in terms of plant growth.Compared with T5(CK)treatment,T2 treatment significantly increased the biomass of aboveground plants in watermelon by 26.43%.In terms of fruit shape,quality,and yield,T2 treatment had the highest fruit shape index,marginal total soluble solid mass fraction,fruit moisture content,and yield.T3 treatment had the highest soluble sugar,total vitamin C content,and total soluble solid mass fraction in the heart of the watermelon.T2 treatment had the smallest margin difference,and the highest profit was 191900 yuan/hm^(2).The TOPSIS entropy weighting method was used to obtain different treatments in descending order:T2,T4,T1,T3,T5(CK).Under the conditions of this experiment,the suitable fertilization treatment for watermelon growth is T2,and this study can provide scientific basis for high-quality production of facility watermelon in Xinjiang region.