推导能斯特方程及方程在活度公式中的新应用

Derivation of Nernst Equation and Application of Equation in Formulas of Activity

以热力学第一定律和第二定律为起点,从阐述化学势的概念并应用于化学平衡——化学等温方程式出发推导能斯特方程。通过回顾电动势法测定电解质溶液活度系数的早期发展过程,加深对能斯特方程的理解和应用。介绍引入电解质活度、离子活度、离子平均活度以及离子平均活度系数等核心概念的背景与意义。同一电池反应,能斯特方程的活度项分别以分子活度和离子活度代入,提出推导强电解质溶液中分子活度与相关各离子活度关系的新思路。

Starting from the first and the second law of thermodynamics,though researching the definition of chemical potential,formulas related to chemical potential were applicated in the chemical reaction isotherm and Nernst equation was deduced.In order to promote the understanding and the application of Nernst equation,The early historical development of determination of electrolytes activity coefficient by electromotive force(EMF)method was reviewed.The background and the significance of joining these physical quantities such as electrolytes activity,ion activity,mean ion activity,mean ion activity coefficients were reviewed.Based on the same battery reaction,a new idea was derived for deducing the relation of molecule activity and relative ionic activities in strong electrolyte solution by substituting activity term of Nernst equation with molecular activity and ion activity respectively.