高校实验室爆炸案例及应急管理机制分析

Analysis of Laboratory Explosion Cases and Emergency Management Mechanism in Colleges and Universities

高校实验室是一个半开放的公共科研场所,使用频率高,人员流动大。其中爆炸现象是高校实验室常见的事故之一,如何预防和应对这类事故成为一项紧迫任务。文章以近5年来发生的高校实验室爆炸典型事件为案例,分析爆炸发生原因,指出危化品管控不严、仪器使用不当、实验操作错误、安全意识薄弱以及应急能力缺乏是主要原因。结合高校实验室实际情况,提出建立安全的实验场所、制定危化品安全管理制度、建立仪器管理制度、定期开展安全培训和考核、加强安全监督应急管理工作机制等措施,确保高校实验室的安全。

University laboratory is a semi-open public scientif ic research place with high frequency of use and large turnover of personnel.The explosion phenomenon is one of the common accidents in university laboratories.How to prevent and deal with such accidents has become an urgent task.In this paper,the typical laboratory explosion incidents in colleges and universities in the past f ive years are taken as cases to analyze the causes of the explosion,and the main reasons are the lax control of dangerous chemicals,improper use of instruments,error of experimental operation,weak safety awareness and lack of emergency response ability.Based on the actual conditions of university laboratories,measures such as the establishment of safe laboratory sites,the formulation of hazardous chemical safety management system,the establishment of instrument management system,regular safety training and assessment,and the strengthening of safety supervision and emergency management work mechanism are proposed to ensure the safety of university laboratories.