燃烧室陶瓷复合材料火焰筒应用与技术分析

Application and technical analysis of ceramic composite combustor liner

基于航空发动机及燃烧室发展趋势与特点,分析新一代航空发动机燃烧室对陶瓷复合材料的需求,阐述火焰筒陶瓷复合材料的组分构成、类型特征及高温耐腐性等特性,总结不同制备方法下火焰筒陶瓷复合材料的工艺原理和优缺点,并详细讨论了陶瓷复合材料在燃烧室火焰筒上的应用现状,最后结合陶瓷复合材料显著的各向异性特点与挑战,提出燃烧室陶瓷复合材料火焰筒设计的关键技术。结论认为,陶瓷复合材料火焰筒在燃烧室上应用的技术优势明显,其在多型先进军民用航空发动机上的服役状况验证了发展陶瓷复合材料火焰筒技术路线的可行性,但由于陶瓷复合材料对热应力的高度敏感及其复杂的传热与力学特性,使得其工程应用依然存在很大技术挑战;当前陶瓷复合材料火焰筒在工程应用上亟须攻克的关键技术包括陶瓷复合材料火焰筒冷却设计、陶瓷复合材料燃烧室的燃烧组织设计、陶瓷复合材料火焰筒构件间的连接设计、陶瓷复合材料火焰筒强度正向设计等。

Based on the development trend and characteristics of aero-engine and combustor,the demand of ceramic composite materials for new generation aero-engine combustor was analyzed,the composition,type characteristics and high temperature corrosion resistance of ceramic composite liners were expounded,the process principle,advantages and disadvantages of ceramic composite liners under different fabrication methods were summarized,and the application status of ceramic composite materials in combustor liner was discussed in detail,finally,combined with the significant anisotropic characteristics and challenges of ceramic composite materials,the key technologies for the design of ceramic composite liner of combustor were proposed.The result showed that the ceramic composite liner had obvious technical advantages in the application of combustor,and its service status on multiple advanced military and civil aviation engines verified the feasibility of developing the technical route of ceramic composite liner.However,due to the high sensitivity of ceramic composite to thermal stress and its complex heat transfer and mechanical characteristics,its engineering application still faced great technical challenges;the key technologies that need to be solved urgently in the engineering application of ceramic composite liner include the cooling design of ceramic composite liner,the combustion organization design of ceramic composite combustor,the connection design of ceramic composite liner components,and the forward strength design of ceramic composite liner.