人工智能技术与企业创新绩效——兼论新质生产力的赋能作用

Artificial Intelligence Technology and Corporate Innovation Performance:On the Empowering Role of New Quality Productive Forces

人工智能技术具有强溢出效应,是实现技术进步和高质量发展的关键。新质生产力的提出为推进中国式现代化指明了方向。本文基于2015—2022年中国A股上市公司数据和测算得到的新质生产力指数,运用双向固定效应模型实证检验了人工智能技术对企业创新绩效的影响及作用机制,并验证了新质生产力的赋能作用。研究结果表明,人工智能技术显著提升企业创新绩效,该结论在经过内生性处理和一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。异质性分析结果表明,人工智能技术对企业创新绩效的提升作用在新质生产力水平高的地区、民营企业、技术密集型行业和低污染行业中更为显著。机制分析发现,人工智能技术通过增强企业自主创新能力和实现企业研发技能升级提升企业创新绩效。新质生产力能够赋能人工智能技术提升企业创新绩效,该赋能作用具有长期动态影响效应。新质生产力的赋能作用主要源自科技创新、算力基础和算法应用3个维度。本文的研究丰富了当前对于新质生产力的理论阐释,为深刻理解新质生产力的重要作用提供了经验证据。

Artificial intelligence(AI)has a strong spillover effect and is key to achieving technological progress.The introduction of new quality productive forces points out the direction for the advancement of Chinese modernization.Studying the impact of AI on corporate innovation performance and the empowering role of new quality productive forces has important theoretical value.This paper selects data from Chinese listed companies between 2015 and 2022 and matches it with the calculated index of new quality productive forces,studying the influence and mechanism of AI on corporate innovation performance from both theoretical and empirical perspectives,and examining the empowering effect of new quality productive forces.The findings of this paper are as follows.First,AI significantly enhances corporate innovation performance and the conclusion is robust and reliable after a series of robustness tests and addressing endogeneity problems.Second,the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promoting effect of AI on corporate innovation performance is more pronounced in regions with high new quality productive forces,private enterprises,technology⁃intensive industries,and low⁃pollution industries.Third,the mechanism verification confirms that AI boosts innovation performance by strengthening corporate independent innovation capabilities and achieving upgrades in corporate R&D skills.Fourth,new quality productive forces can empower AI to enhance corporate innovation performance and this empowering effect has a dynamic impact,continuing to provide sustained support for AI to enhance corporate innovation performance in the long term.The dimensional examination of new quality productive forces indicates that the current empowering effect primarily stems from three dimensions:technological innovation,computational infrastructure,and algorithm application.Based on the research conclusions,this paper proposes the following policy recommendations.First,we should continue to strengthen support for the R&D and innovation of AI.Second,we should continue to promote the deep integration of AI with the real economy and provide heterogeneous policy support for enterprises with different characteristics and types.Third,we should vigorously promote the enhancement of corporate independent innovation capabilities and R&D skill upgrades in the field of AI.Fourth,we should adhere to accelerating the formation and development of new quality productive forces,with regions developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions and optimizing regional development strategies.