人和动物重要传染病mRNA疫苗研究进展

Advances in mRNA Vaccines for Important Human and Animal Infectious Diseases

根据已有研究数据显示,mRNA疫苗具有免疫效果好、安全性高、研究周期短等特点,发展前景广阔。近年来,无论是面对新冠疫情,还是其他重大动物疫病,mRNA疫苗逐渐发挥重要作用。论文就mRNA疫苗的发展、分类及结构、作用机制、给药方式及在人和重大动物疫病预防中的应用等方面对mRNA疫苗进行综述,并分析了现阶段mRNA疫苗的优势与不足,以期为新型mRNA疫苗的研制提供参考。从已报道的数据来看,mRNA疫苗在流感、狂犬病、弓形虫病等人兽共患病上已经进入临床试验阶段且表现出较好的预防效果,但在畜禽传染病方面的mRNA疫苗研究较为缺乏,可见mRNA疫苗在畜禽传染病的防控中也极具发展潜力。

According to existing research data,mRNA vaccines have the characteristics of good immune effect,high safety,short research cycle,etc.,and have broad development prospects.In recent years,whether in the face of the COVID-19 epidemic or other major animal diseases,mRNA vaccines have gradually played an important role.This paper reviews the development,classification,structure,mechanism of action,administration methods and application of mRNA vaccines in the prevention of major human and animal diseases.It also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current mRNA vaccines,with a view to providing reference for the development of new mRNA vaccines.Judging from the reported data,mRNA vaccines have entered the clinical trial stage and have shown good preventive effects on zoonotic diseases such as influenza,rabies,and toxoplasmosis.However,research on mRNA vaccines for livestock and poultry infectious diseases is relatively limited.The lack of it shows that in the future,mRNA vaccines also have great potential in the control of livestock and poultry infectious diseases.