孔门后学的离散与楚国儒学的演进

The Dispersion of Confucian Disciples and the Evolution of Confucianism in Chu

孔子卒后,七十子及其后学的离散,对于推动儒学南传具有关键作用。七十子阶段,游居楚国的大儒虽仅有子张、澹台子羽数人,但其弟子众多,在私学领域的影响不容小觑;七十子后学阶段,楚国儒风渐盛,名儒辈出,影响力由私学领域扩大到政治领域,逐渐演变为“世之显学”。楚国儒学之所以能够兴盛,不仅得益于鲁、魏儒学文化圈的辐射影响及其“为王者师”传统的光大,更离不开吴起变法所引起的楚国士风、学风的转向。吴起入楚在楚国儒学发展史上起着关键性的转捩作用。

After the death of Confucius,the dispersion of Confucian disciples played a crucial role in promoting the southward spread of Confucianism.During the period of the seventy disciples,although there were only a few renowned Confucian scholars residing in Chu,such as Zi Zhang and Tantai Ziyu,they taught numerous disciples,and thus had a significant impact in the realm of private education.In the subsequent period of their followers,the Confucian culture in Chu gradually flourished,with a succession of distinguished scholars whose influence expanded from private education to the political sphere,eventually becoming a prominent study of the age.The prosperity of Confucianism in Chu was partly due to the radiating influence of the Confucian cultural circle from Lu and Wei,and the enhancement of the tradition of“serving as a royal tutor”.On the other hand,it also relied on the shift in the scholarly and educational ethos in Chu,triggered by Wu Qi’s reform.Wu Qi’s entry into Chu marked a pivotal turning point in the history of the development of Confucianism in Chu.